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Indian Biodiversity

Indian Biodiversity

Section titled “Indian Biodiversity”

Fishes are cold blooded..

Amphibians Are

Section titled “Amphibians Are”
  • Cold blooded
  • Webbed feet
  • Breathe with lungs and gills
  • Moist smooth skin
  • Four legs (sometimes none)
  • Lay eggs

Reptiles

Section titled “Reptiles”
  • Cold blooded
  • Have scales
  • Have dry skin
  • Usually lay eggs
  • Ear holes instead of ears
  • 4 legs or no legs

Aves are warm blooded.

Annelids

Section titled “Annelids”
  • bodies that are divided into segments
  • well-developed internal organs
  • don’t have any limbs
  • E.g: earthworms, leeches, roundworms

Image unavailable in web version: Hearts ventral nerve cord Brain Pairs Of bristles Circular muscle Wall Segments Coelom Excretory organs Longitudinal muscle Blood vessel Intestine Blood vessels Cross section

Mollusks

Section titled “Mollusks”
  • soft, skin-like organ covered with a hard outside shell
  • mollusks that live on land are snail and slug
  • mollusks that live in water are oyster, mussel, clam, squid and octopus

Image unavailable in web version: entacle Mouth Магме магме caMity Зотасђ Foot

Echinoderms

Section titled “Echinoderms”
  • marine animals
  • have arms or spines that radiate from the center of their body
  • Eg sea star, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

Image unavailable in web version: Stomach Anus Central disk Digestive glands Gills Radial nerve Ring canal Radial canal Gonads Ampulla Podium

Arthropods

Section titled “Arthropods”
  • have limbs with joints that allow them to move
  • also have an exoskeleton
  • include the crustaceans, insects, arachnids.

![[Species—image4-00111392.jpg|400x300]]

Crustaceans

Section titled “Crustaceans”
  • live mostly in the ocean/water
  • have a hard, external shell which protectstheir body
  • Eg crabs, lobsters etc ![[Species—image5-00111392.jpg|300x300]]

Insects

Section titled “Insects”
  • have an exoskeleton that covers their entire body
  • consists of 3 body parts and 6 legs
  • beetle, butterfly, moth, dragonfly, bee, wasp and praying mantis.

Arachnids :

Section titled “Arachnids :”
  • spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites
  • do not have antennae
  • have 2 body parts and 4 pairs of legs

The fresh-water algae are generally green or blue-green in colour, whereas the marine ones are red or brown.

Bryophytes

Section titled “Bryophytes”
  • plant body is differentiated into a small stem and simple leaves, but true roots are absent
  • usually grow in moist places. E.g. Liverworts, mosses

Pteridophytes

Section titled “Pteridophytes”
  • well-differentiated plant bodies, consisting of roots, stems and leaves. Moreover, they possess vascular bundles.
  • eg. clubmosses, horse-tails and ferns

![[1592982526041349195_dca41269e79d98d02470d7f84a63663c_image1.png]]

Gymnosperms

Section titled “Gymnosperms”
  • very simple flowers without accessorywhorls and stamens
  • Ex are Cycas, Pinus, Gnetum.

Image unavailable in web version: Image

Angiosperms are

  • closed seeded plants.
  • Carpels have ovary, style and stigma
  • Ovary develops into fruit and ovules into seeds.
  • seeds remains within the fruits

Image unavailable in web version: Stigma Style Ovule Pistal

There are 5 species of egg laying mammals :

  • Duck Billed Platypus
  • 4 species of Spiny Anteaters aka echidna. Are found only in Australia.

Herb is defined as a plant whose stem is always green and tender with height of not more than 1 meter.

![[set-of-fresh-herbs-vector-id520879102-1.jpg |500]]

Shrub is defined as a woody perennial plant. It is not more than 6 metres in height.

![[list-of-shrubs-2132442-v2-5c1aaa68c9e77c0001ea2043.png |500]]

Epiphytes

  • plant growing on the host plant but not by the host plant. Only need help to get access to light.

Out of 7 colours in the visible part of spectrum, only red → plant gown in this light are small and blue → are etiolated/elongated are effective in photosynthesis.

Excessive high temperature results in death of plant due to coagulation of protoplasmic proteins.

The heartwood is dead sapwood in the center of the trunk. Pith is the tiny dark spot of spongy living cells right in the center of the tree trunk.

The thin layer of living cells just inside the bark is called cambium. Pith is the tiny dark spot of spongy living cells right in the center of the tree trunk.

Primary descending root formed by the direct prolongation of the radicle of the embryo. Taproot Image unavailable in web version: Image

Lateral Root

  • Roots that arise from the tap root and spread laterally to support the tree. Adventitious Roots
  • Roots that are produced from the parts of the plant other than the radicle or its subdivi-sion.
  • Buttresses - They are out - growths formed usually ver-tically above the lateral roots and thus connect the base of the stem with roots.
  • Prop - Roots - produced from the branches of the tree which remain suspended in the air till they reach ground.
  • Stilt - Roots - which emerged from the butt of a tree above ground level.

Haustorial roots are the roots of parasitic plants that can absorb water and nutrients from another plant.

Mycorrhiza : structure produced from the combination of the modified rootlet with fungal tissue.