CA : April 2019 Onwards

CA : April 2019 Onwards

02-12-2021 06:14

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![[Defence Indigenisation Issue.canvas]]

• RUS Sovereign internet bill to monitor Russian internet traffic, protect from cyber-attacks no US based servers.
• India joins Christchurch call to action - initiative counter [[New Page |Cyber Terrorism]] an online extremism summit Paris, 18 countries, against internet abuse. #Treaty
• J&K PUBLIC SAFETY #Act (PSA) : preventive detention any person > 16yo w/o trial up to 2yr for acting against state and 1 yr for maintenance of Public order, protection for action taken “in good faith”;
• National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) project to link social media accounts to database records of immigrants accessible to all authorities for investigation into suspected cases of terrorism #scheme
• Global Internet Forum to Tackle Terrorism (GIFCT) : disrupt terrorist activities on digital platforms, independent org estd 2017 #body
• Budapest Convention on Cyber security was US led - counter cybercrime through imp national laws, investigative techniques, inc cooperation 64 states have ratified it. IN did not participate as it allows transboundary transfer of data undermining sovereignty #important #Treaty
• Armed Forces Special Powers #Act AFSPA 1958 - maintain public order in disturbed area (Section 3 of the act), prohibit gathering of 5 or more, arrest if reasonable suspicion w/o warrant, permission to fire, prosecution of authorised officer requires prior permission.
  • Central Govt or Governor of State or Administrator of UT can declare whole or part of State/UT as disturbed area.
  • Jeevan Reddy #committee made some recom :
    • AFSPA should be repealed and inserted in UAPA, Unlawful Activities Act should be modified,
    • grievance cell set in AFSPA districts.
    • ==2nd ARC also recom repeal==.
    • Nagaland was declared disturbed area for 6 more months by Mo Home AFSPA to continue for 6 more months.
  • 5th report of 2nd ARC also made recom for its repeal.

Info

• Promulgated by British in response to QIM was retained and notified as act in 1958.
• Still in force in Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, JK and parts of Arunachal Pradesh.
• Imposed by Centre or Governor of State after being declared as disturbed.
• Forces need to warn before firing, suspects apprehended should be handed to police in 24 hours.
• AF must act in cooperation with district administration.

• Gujarat Control on Terrorism and Organised Crime GCTOC - provides admissibility of evidence collected through interception of mobile calls or through confession before police, non-bailable offences, economic offences included, creation of a special court.
• No Money for terror conference in AUS, org by Fin Intelligence Unit FIUs called The Egmont Group is a world forum to exchange info and combat money laundering.
• Arunachal Pradesh mulling separate cadre due to cultural and topographical diversity, will help understand pulse of the people.
• Detention centres for illegal migrants, 6 detention centres in Assam has capacity of 1000 set up under Foreigners #Act 1946 : states req no specific approval from Center, should be set up outside jail premises.
• Accord w/ NDBF and ABSU to resolve Bodo issue : Bodo dominated 4 districts will be redrawn be renamed as Bodoland Territorial Area District. Rehab and Cash support. First of such accords was signed in 1993 w/ ABSU, dispute started in 1966-67 against illegal immigration, encroachment etc.
• Inner Line Permit(ILP) required for those who reside outside protected state, issues for tourism only. Aim to prevent fake indigenous inhabitant certificates, monitored by Commissioner of Nagaland and nodal officers, will be given unique Id. ILP is an extension of Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation #Act 1873.
  • Protected Area permit is similar to ILP but for non-Indian citizens while visiting NE states. Was made under Foreigners Protected Areas Order 1958. Mo Home Affairs, State Govt and Indian missions abroad can issue them.
  • Restricted Area permit is required for non Indians to vist Andaman Nicobar and parts of Sikkim. Was made under Foreigners Order 1963.
• Global #report on Illegal wildlife trade aka Money Laundering and Illegal Wildlife Trade by [[4.3 International Bodies, their structure, mandate etc#FATF Financial Action Task Force -|FATF]] worth $23 bil/yr, misuse legitimate trade, rely on corruption, fraud etc, role of online marketplaces, payments etc
• Stalkerware can be installed only when someone has physical access to device
• BAR O Meters used to record TRP ratings
• National Cyber Security - Cybercrime cost Rs1.25 trillion loss, cyber threats increasing,
• **Cyber Volunteer #Scheme ** - by MHA, will flag unlawful content on Internet [[5.1 Role of external state and non state actors in creating challenges to Internal Security#^04b14a |I4C]] program
• Telecom Licensing Conditions Amended : use product from trusted sources, defence and national security concern before purchase of equipment, permission from authority, National Cyber Security Coordinator for deciding list trusted/non trusted.
• IT Rules : 3 tier structure to ensure observation of code of ethics by digital media publisher. Rules violate Art 19 ^81fbda
• Cyber Security Index GCI 2020 by UNITU measures commitment of countries towards cybersecurity. India at 10th topped by US.
• c0c0n is Kerala police hacking conference report that cybercrime inc 500% during pandemic.

Static - Security Challenges and Their Mgt in Border Areas

2020-10-22 08:11:20

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INBAN Border :

• Radcliff boundary commission, terrain not even, 3326km, highly populated, Nehru Noon Agreement, Indira Mujibur Agreement, Exclaves - enclaves,
• Problems :
  • Illegal immigration : both push and pull factors total 15 mil
  • Cattle and Other Smuggling
  • Arms, sugar, salt, diesel, human, narcotics trafficking etc
• ULFA, ATTF, NLFT, NDFB
• Border Trade, Fencing and Floodlighting, Integrated Check Post,

India Pakistan Border

• Radcliff line, LoC, Actual Ground Position Line AGPL near Siachen Glacier
• Double row fencing, electrified, sensors, landmines, Heroine smuggled, Smart Fence mechanism

IN CN Border

• Macmohan line, entire border is disputed
• Indo Tibet Border dispute since 1954, LAC after 1962,
• 3 stages of negotiations - Agreeing to guiding principles, Recognising Boundary area, Demarcation
• Difference in PLA and CCP, Confidence building measures b/w Army HQ and Field commands of the 2 sides
• Limited trade from Lipu Lekh, Shipki La, Nathu La
• Border road construction very limited

IN MYA

• Demarcated in 1967, rugged terrain, internal dynamics like clan loyalties of tribal people, inter clashes, insurgency, trans-border ethnic ties
• No physical barrier - very porous
• Golden Triangle - illegal flow of drugs, Heroin is main item

IN NEP

• Treaty of Peace and Friendship formed border in 1950, equal rights in matters of residence, acquisition of property, employment and movement etc
• Land grabbing, forcible grabbing of land, terrorist/Maoist infiltration, ISI base

IN BHU

• Previous insurgent groups were removed by BHU govt in operation all clear

Border Area Dev Program

• Initiated in western region, socio economic dev and promotion of well-being and a security environment

Static - Basics of Cyber Security

2020-10-22 08:05:07

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• Cyber Security, Cyber Space, Critical Information Infrastructure, Cyber Attack
• Motives : commercial gain by hacking banks and fin institutions, attack critical assets, military secrets, spread message for some campaigns

Types

• Malware, Phishing, DoS, Man in the Middle attacks, SQL injection, Cross Site Scripting XSS, Social Engineering

Components

• Application, Information, Network Securities Disaster Recovery Planning

Need :

• For individuals - to safeguard personal information, for Business Organisation - loss of competitive information, For government - local, state or central

International Mechanism

• ITU specialized agency within UN
• Budapest convention on CyberCrime IN not signatory
• Internet Governance Forum IGF
• Internet Corporation for Assigned names and numbers ICANN

Laws Related to Cyber Security in IN

• IT #Act 2000 : tampering w/ computer source documents, hacking, act of cyber terrorism, cheating using computer resource
• Strategies under National Cyber Police 2013 - creating secure cyber ecosystem, creating mechanism for security threat, CERT-in, securing e governance, NCIIPC operating as nodal agency, promote cutting edge research, HRD

Challenges

• inc used of mobile tech, proliferation of IoT, inherent vulnerabilities of Cyberspace, lack of awareness on Cyber Security, Lack of Cyber security specialists, Inc use of cyberspace terrorists

Recent Steps Taken

• Cyber Surakshit Bharat initiatives
• National Cyber Security Coordination Centre NCCC,
• Cyber Swachhta Kendra -> to detect malicious programs and provide free tools to remove such programs.
• Information Security Education and Awareness Project SEA,
• International Coop
• [[5.1 Role of external state and non state actors in creating challenges to Internal Security#^04b14a |I4C]]
• [[009 Industry and Infrastructure#National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre NCIIPC |NCIIPC]]
• CERT-In : All organisation providing digital services have been mandated to repot cyber security incidents to it.

Static : Money Laundering and Its Prevention

2020-10-22 08:10:17

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• Unfavourable impact on economy and political steadiness
• Fulfils ambitions of drug trafficker, terrorist, organised criminal, insider dealer
• Crime against nations, economies, govt
• Done by disguising sources, changing form, transferring money
• Significance of Money Laundering - after 9/11 attack

Process

• Placement : generated from illegal activities, cash is eliminated from place of possession ex exchanging currency for smaller denomination, multiple deposits of smaller denomination, rep offices of foreign banks
• Layering : cover audit trail, hide source of ownership, various different transaction are treated
• Integration : illegal funds taken back as payments for services rendered, techniques very similar to legitimate ones

Impact on Nation

• Undermining of legitimate sector
• undermines integrity of fin market
• Loss of control on economic policy
• Economic distortion and instability
• Loss of revenue
• Threat to privatisation
• Reputation Risk
• Increased criminality,
• Social effect - transfers economic powers from right to wrong
• Microeconomic effect, Macroeconomic effect

Prevention

• Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance
• Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators #Act ct 1976
• Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substance #Act 1985
• FCRA #Act 1976, PMLA 2002 #Act , IPC,
• Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances #Act Act,
• Arms Act, WPA
• US Patriot Act,

PYQ

2020-10-30 16:58:14

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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself from the same.	2018
The terms ‘Hot Pursuit’ and ‘Surgical Strikes’ are often used in connection with armed action against terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of such actions.	2016
Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management.	2016
International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above the territory. What do you understand by airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggests ways to contain the threat.	2014
The diverse nature of India as a multireligious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of radicalism which has been in her neighbourhood. Discuss along with the strategies to be adopted to counter this environment.	2014
How illegal transborder migration does pose a threat to India’s security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bring out the factors which give impetus to such migration.	2014
In 2012, the longitudinal marking of the high-risk areas for piracy was moved from 65° East to 78° east in the Arabian Sea by International Maritime organisation. What impact does this have on India’s maritime security concerns?	2014
China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for development of an economic corridor. What thread does it dispose for India’s security? Critically examine.	2014
How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management, particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar?	2013

India’s proximity to two of the world’s biggest illicit opium-growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter-measures should be taken to prevent the same?	2018
Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace?	2013

Cyber Security and Social Media

Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due to rising cyber crimes. The Justice B. N. Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the strengths and weakness sof the Report relating to protection of personal data in cyber space?	2018
Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to prevent it.	2017
Use of Internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major concern. How have these have misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat.	2016
Discuss the advantage and security implications of cloud hosting of server vis-a-vis in-house machine-based hosting for government businesses.	2015
Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a “Digital Armed Force” to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its effective implementation.	2015
What is digital signature? What does its authentication mean? Giver various salient built in features of a digital signature.	2013
What are social networking site and what security implications do these sites present?	2013
Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same.	2013

Answers and Analysis

1. What are the maritime security challenges in India? Discuss the organisational, technical and procedural initiatives taken to improve the maritime security. (भारत में समुद्री सुरक्ा चुनौनतयाँ क्ा हैं? समुद्री सुरक्ा में सुधार के ललए की गई सं गठनात्मक, तकनीकी और प्हरियात्मक पहलो की ं नववेचना कीजजए।) 2022

Answer

Maritime security in India is facing a number of challenges, including illegal activities such as piracy, smuggling, and illegal fishing. Other threats include terrorism, human trafficking, and environmental degradation.

Organizational Initiatives:

The Indian government has taken a number of organizational initiatives to improve maritime security. These include the establishment of the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) in 1978, the promulgation of the Maritime Zones of India Act in 1981, and the establishment of the National Maritime Authority (NMA) in 2004. The ICG is responsible for patrolling the Indian coast and enforcing maritime laws. The NMA is responsible for formulating and implementing maritime security policies.

Technical Initiatives:

The Indian government has also taken a number of technical initiatives to improve maritime security. These include the installation of Automatic Identification System (AIS) transponders on all Indian flagged vessels, the implementation of the Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS), and the installation of Coastal Surveillance Radar Systems (CSRS). The AIS transponders help identify and track vessels, while the VTMS and CSRS help monitor and manage vessel traffic.

Procedural Initiatives:

The Indian government has also taken a number of procedural initiatives to improve maritime security. These include the introduction of the Indian Port Security Code (IPSC) in 2008, the establishment of the National Maritime Security Council (NMSC) in 2009, and the adoption of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code in 2011. The IPSC provides guidelines for port security and the NMSC is responsible for formulating and implementing maritime security policies. The ISPS Code provides guidelines for the security of ships and port facilities.

1. How is S-400 air defence system technically superior to any other system presently available in the world? (S-400 हवाई रक्ा प्णाली, नवश् में इस समय उपलधि अन् हकसी प्णाली की तुलना में हकस प्कार से तकनीकी रूप से रिेटि है?) 2021

Answer

The S-400 air defence system is technically superior to any other system presently available in the world due to its advanced capabilities. It has a maximum range of 400 km, which is significantly greater than the range of other systems. It can detect and track up to 300 targets simultaneously and engage up to 36 targets at once. It is also able to engage targets at a much higher altitude than most other systems, allowing it to intercept ballistic missiles. Additionally, it can detect stealth aircraft and has an advanced electronic countermeasures system to counter jamming. Finally, the S-400 system is also much more mobile than other systems, making it easier to deploy in the field.

1. For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local support to militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perception among locals. (प्भावी सीमावती क् ं त्रे प्बनन हेतु हहसावा ं हदयो को स् ं ानीय समथि्भन से वंचचत करने के आवश्यक उपायो की ं नववेचना कीजजए और स्ानीय लोगो में ं अनुकू ल धरना प्बंधन के तरीके भी सुजाइए।) 2020

Answer

Border area management is a complex task that requires a multi-pronged approach. It involves the management of both the physical and psychological aspects of the region, as well as the effective management of the local population. The most important objective of border area management is to deny local support to militants and to create a favourable perception among the locals.

The first step in denying local support to militants is to improve security in the region. This includes deploying more troops and police to the region, as well as increasing the presence of intelligence agencies. This will help to deter militants from entering the region and will also create a sense of security among the local population. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the security forces are well-trained and equipped to deal with any threats.

The second step is to improve the infrastructure in the region. This includes providing basic amenities such as water, electricity, and roads. This will ensure that the local population has access to basic necessities and will also create a sense of development in the region. Additionally, it is important to provide economic opportunities to the local population. This can be done by providing access to educational and employment opportunities, as well as providing incentives for businesses to set up in the region.

The third step is to engage with the local population. This can be done through a variety of ways, such as organising meetings with local leaders and organising events to promote local culture and traditions. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the local population is informed about any security measures that are being taken in the region. This will help to create a sense of trust between the security forces and the local population.

The fourth step is to create a favourable perception among the locals. This can be done by engaging with the local population in a positive manner and by creating a sense of ownership among the locals. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the security forces are not seen as an oppressive force, but rather as a force that is there to protect the local population.

Finally, it is important to ensure that the local population is aware of the consequences of supporting militants. This can be done through public awareness campaigns and by making sure that the local population is aware of the legal ramifications of supporting militants. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the local population is aware of the benefits of not supporting militants. This can be done through providing incentives for those who do not support militants and by providing information about the consequences of supporting them.

1. Analyze internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard. (आन्ररक सुरक्ा ख़तरो त ं थिा ननयन्त्रण रेखा सहहत म्ांमार, बांग्ादेि और पाहकस्तान सीमाओ पर स ं समा-पार अपराधों का नवश्ेषण कीजजए। नवशभन्न सुरक्ा बलो द् ं ारा इस सन्भ्भ में ननभाई गई भूगमका की नववेचना भी कीजजए।) 2020

Answer

1. Cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges. (उत्र-पूवथी भारत में उपप्लनवयो की सीमा के आरपार आवाजाही, सीमा की पुल ं लससग के सामने अनेक सुरक् ं ा चुनौनतयो में से के वल एक है । भारत- ं म्ांमार सीमा के आरपार वत्भमान में आरंभ होने वाली नवशभन्न चुनौनतयो का पर ं रक्ण कीजजए । साथि ही चुनौनतयो को ं प्नतरोध करने के कदमो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजए।) 2019

Answer

1. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself from the same. (चीन-पाहकस्तान आर्थिक गललयारे (सी० पी०ई०सी०) को चीन की अपेक्ाकृ त असधक नविाल ‘एक पट्ी एक सडक’ पहल के एक मूलभूत भाग के रूप में देखा जा रहा है। सी० पी०ई०सी० का एक सं शक्म वण्भन प्स्तुत कीजजए और भारत द्ारा उससे हकनारा करने के कारण गगनाइए।) 2018

Answer

1. The terms ‘Hot Pursuit’ and ‘Surgical Strikes’ are often used in connection with armed action against terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of such actions. (‘उग्र अनुसरण’ एवं ‘िलक प्हार’ पदों का प्योग प्ायः आतंकी हमलो के ं नवरुधि सैन् काय्भवाही के ललए हकया जाता है। इस प्कार की काय्भवाहहयो के यु ं धिनीनतक प्भाव की नववेचना कीजजए।) 2016

Answer

1. Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management. (दग्भ ु म क्ेत्र एवं कुछ देिो के सा ं थि ित्रुतापूण्भ सम्नो के कारण सीमा ं प्बनन एक कहठन काय्भ है। प्भाविाली सीमा प्बनन की चुनौनतयो एवं रणनी ं नतयो पर ं प्काि डाललए।) 2016

Answer

1. International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above the territory. What do you understand by airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggests ways to contain the threat. (अन्रा्भटिट्ीय नागर नवमानन ननयम सभी देिो को अपने भूभाग के ऊपर के आका ं िी क्ेत्र पर पूण्भ और अनन् प्भुता प्दान करते हैं। आप ‘आकािी क्त्र’ से क् े ा समझते है? इस आकािी क्ेत्र के ऊपर के आकाि के ललए इन ननयमो के क् ं ा ननहहताथि हैं? इससे प्सूत चुनौनतयो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजए और ऽतरे को ननयंत्रण करने के तरीके सुझाइए।) 2014

Answer

1. The diverse nature of India as a multireligious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of radicalism which has been in her neighbourhood. Discuss along with the strategies to be adopted to counter this environment.( ‘‘बहधार्मक व बहजानतय समाज के रूप में भारत की नवनवध प्कृ नत, पडोस में हदख रहे अनतवाद के सं घात के प्नत ननरापद नही है।’’ ऐसे वातावरण के ं प्नतकार के ललए अपनाए जाने वाली रणनीनतयो के सा ं थि नववेचाना कीजजए।) 2014

Answer

1. How illegal transborder migration does pose a threat to India’s security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bring out the factors which give impetus to such migration. (भारत की सुरक्ा को गैर-कानूनी सीमापार प्वसन हकस प्कार एक खतरा प्स्तुत करता है? इसे बढ़ावा देने के कारणो को उजागर करते ं हए ऐसे प्वसन को रोकने की रणनीनतयो का व ं ण्भन कीजजए।) 2014

Answer

1. In 2012, the longitudinal marking of the high-risk areas for piracy was moved from 65° East to 78° east in the Arabian Sea by International Maritime organisation. What impact does this have on India’s maritime security concerns? (2012 में समुद्री डकै ती के उच्च-जोखखम क्ेत्रो के ल ं लए देिांतरी अंकन अन्रा्भटिट्ीय समुद्री सं गठन द्ारा अरब सागर में 65° पूव्भ से 78° पूव्भ तक खखसका हदया गया थिा। भारत के समुद्री सुरक्ा सरोकारी पर इसका क्ा पररणाम है?) 2014

Answer

1. China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for development of an economic corridor. What thread does it dispose for India’s security? Critically examine. (चीन और पाहकस्तान ने एक आर्थिक गललयारे के नवकास के ललए समझौता हकया है। यह भारत की सुरक्ा के ललए क्ा खतरा प्स्तुत करता है? समालोचनात्मक परीक्ण कीजजए।) 2014

Answer

1. How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management, particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar? (दशक्ण एशिया के असधकतर देिो त ं थिा म्ांमार से लगी नविेषकर लम्ी लछहद्रत सीमाओ की दृ ं नटि से भारत की आंतररक सुरक्ा की चुनौनतयाँ सीमा प्बंधन से कै से जुडी है?) 2013

Answer

Organised Crime and Money Laundering

1. Discuss the types of organised crimes. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organised crime that exist at the national and transnational levels. (संगहठत अपराधो के ं प्कारो की च ं चा्भ कीजजए। राटिट्ीय और अंतरा्भटि ीट् य स्तर पर मौजूद संगहठत अपराध और आतंकवाहदयो के बीच संबंधो ं का व ं ण्भन कीजजए।) 2022

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1. Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels. (चचा्भ कीजजए हक हकस प्कार उभरती प्ोध्ोगगहकयाँ और वैश्ीकरण मनी लॉनन्डट्ग की समस् ं ा में योगदान देते है। इनसे ननपिने के ललए राटिट्ीय व वैजश्क स्तर पे उपायो को ं नवस्तृत कीजजए।) 2021

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1. India’s proximity to two of the world’s biggest illicit opium-growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter-measures should be taken to prevent the same? (सं सार के दो सबसे बडे अवैध अफीम उगाने वाले राज्यो से भारत की न ं नकिता ने भारत की आंतररक सुरक्ा चचताओ ं को ब ं ढ़ा हदया है। निीली दवाओ के अवैध ं व्यापार एवं बं दूक बेचने, गुपचुप धन नवदेि भेजने और मानव तस्री जैसी अवैध गनतनवसधयो के बीच क ं हडयो को स्प ं टि कीजजए। इन गनतनवसधयो को रोकने के ल ं लए क्ा-क्ा प्नतरोधी उपाय हकए जाने चाहहए?) 2018

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1. Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace? (अवैध धन स्ांतरण देि की आर्थिक प्भुसत्ा के ललए एक गंभीर सुरक्ा जोखख़म होता है। भारत के ललए इसका क्ा महत्त्व है और इस ऽतरे से बचने के ललए क्ा कदम उठाए जाने चाहहए?) 2013

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Cyber Security and social media

1. What are the different elements of cyber security? Keeping in view the challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber Security Strategy. (साइबर सुरक्ा के नवशभन्न तत्त्व क्ा हैं? साइबर सुरक्ा की चुनौनतयो को ध् ं ान में रखते हए समीक्ा कीजजए हक भारत ने हकस हद तक एक व्यापक राटिट्ीय साइबर सुरक्ा रणनीनत सफलतापूव्भक नवकससत की है।) 2022

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1. Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. (भारत की आन्ररक सुरक्ा को ध्ान में रखते हए, सीमा-पार से होने वाले साइबर हमलो के ं प्भाव का नवश्ेषण कीजजए। साथि ही, इन पररष्कृ त हमलो के ं नवरुधि रक्ात्मक उपायो की च ं चा्भ कीजजए।) 2021

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1. What is the CyberDome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling internet crimes in India. (साइबरडोम पररयोजना क्ा है ? स्पटि कीजजए की भारत में इंिरनेि अपराधो को न ं नयंगत्रत करने में यह हकस प्कार उपयोगी हो सकता है।) 2019

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1. Discuss different types of cyber crimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace. (साइबर अपराध के नवशभन्न प्कारो और इस ं ख़तरे से लडने के आवश्यक उपायो की ं नववेचना कीजजए।) 2020

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1. Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due to rising cyber crimes. The Justice B. N. Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the strengths and weakness of the Report relating to protection of personal data in cyber space? (अंकीयकृ त (हडजजिाइज्ड) दनु नया में बढ़ते हए साइबर अपराधो के कारण डारा सुरक् ं ा का महत्व बहत बढ़ गया है। जस्टस बी० एन० रिीकृ ष्णा सगमनत ररपोि्भ में डािा की सुरक्ा से संबं सधत मुद्ो पर सोच- ं नवचार हकया गया है। आपके नवचार में साइबर स्पेस में ननजी डािा की सुरक्ा से संबं सधत इस ररपोि्भ की खूनबयाँ और खागमयाँ क्ा-क्ा है?) 2018

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1. Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to prevent it. (साईबर आरिमण के सभिानवत खतरो की एवम् इन् ं ें रोकने के ललए सुरक्ा ढांचे की नववेचना कीजजए।) 2017

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1. Use of Internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major concern. How have these have misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat. (गैर-राज्य अशभकता्भओ द् ं ारा इन्टरनेि एवं सोिल मीहडया का नवर्ं सकारी गनतनवसधयो हेतु ं प्योग सुरक्ा के ललए एक बृहद च ् चता का ं नवषय है। हाल ही में इनका दष्प्रु योग हकस प्कार हआ है? उपयु्भति खतरे को ननयंगत्रत करने के ललए प्भावकारी सुझाव सुझाइए।) 2016

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1. Discuss the advantage and security implications of cloud hosting of server vis-a-vis in-house machine-based hosting for government businesses. (सरकारी काय्भकलापो के ल ं लए, सव्भरो की ं क्ाउड होस्टंग बनाम स्संस्ागत मिीन-आधाररत होस्टंग के लाभो और सुरक् ं ा ननहहताथिमों पर चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2015

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1. Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a “Digital Armed Force” to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its effective implementation. (नवचार करते हए हक साइबरस्पेस देि के ललए खतरा प्स्तुत करता है, भारत को ऐसे अपराधो को रोकने के ल ं लए एक ह्डजजिल सिस्त बलय् की आवश्यकता है। राटिट्ीय साइबर सुरक्ा नीनत, 2013 के प्भावी काया्भन्वयन में हदखाई देने वाली चुनौनतयो की रूपरेखा ं प्स्तुत करते हए, इस नीनत का समालोचनात्मक मूलांकन कीजजए।) 2015

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1. What is digital signature? What does its authentication mean? Giver various salient built in features of a digital signature. (‘आंगुललक हस्ताक्र’ (Digital Signature) क्ा होता है? उसके द्ारा प्माणीकरण का क्ा अथि्भ है? ‘आंगुललक हस्ताक्र’ की प्मुख नवनवध अंतस् नविेषताएँ बताइए।) 2013

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1. What are social networking site and what security implications do these sites present? (‘सामाजजक सं जाल स्ल’ (Social Networking Sites) क्ा होती है और इन स्लो से क् ं ा सुरक्ा उलझने प्स्तुत होती हैं?) 2013

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1. Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same. (कुछ रक्ा नवश्ेषक इलेट्ॉट् ननकी संचार माध्म द्ारा युधि के अलकायदा और आतंकवाद से भी बडा खतरा मानते है। आप इलेट्ॉट् ननकी संचार माध्म युधि’ (Cyber Warfare) से क्ा समझते हैं? भारत ऐसे जजन खतरो के ं प्नत संवेदनिील है उनकी रूप-रेखा खीचं चए और देि की उनसे ननपिने की तैयारी को भी स्पटि कीजजए।) 2013

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