Various Bodies - Constitutional, Statutory, Quasi-Judicial

2019-07-27 12:20 :10

Audit Diwas celebrated to mark origin of [[#CAG body|CAG]].
Rule 255 and Rule 256 of General Rules of Procedure of the RS the chariman can direct members to withdraw immediately for either the remainder of the day or for the entirety of session. Unlike the speaker RS Chairman cannot suspend a Member.
SC : CBI is an autonomous body it has no control over it. Vineet Narain Case 1997 SC laid down several steps to secure autonomy of CBI. Case said that CBI and ED chiefs to have minimum 2 years of tenure.
- Recently tenure of CBI and ED chiefs were increased.
Child Welfare Committees per Section 27 of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015 are to be constituted by State govt for every district.
- Committee shall have 1 Chair and 4 other mem with at least 1 woman mem.

Awards given by the state

Padma awards are highest civilian honor after Bharat Ratna given in recognitionin fields where an element of public service is involved.
- Do not have cash reward but only a certificate. Cannot be used as prefix or suffix to their names.
- Can be given higher award only after 5 yrs of another award. Is given for special services.
- Anyone can nominate anyone including oneself with 800 word essay on work done.
- Decided by Padma Awards #Committee headed by Cabinet Secretary including Home Secy, Secy to President and 4-6 eminent persons as members. PM and Prez give approvals.

Issues wrt to Lokpal and Lokayukta

Lokpal and Lokaukta #Act 2013 it is for states to decide if they want to implement it or not.

Repromulgation of Ordinances

Judicial safeguards against re-promulgation of ordinance :
- RC Cooper Case 1970 : Presidents decision to promulgate ordinance could be challenged in court.
- DC Wadhwa case 1987 : Ordinance should be used in exceptional circumstances and not as substitute for law making power of legislature
- Krishna Kumar Singh : authority to issue ordinance is not absolute entrustment but conditional upon satisfaction that circumstances exists rendering an immediate action necessary.
National Data Quality Forum by ICMR to establish protocols and good practices related to data collection. #body

Central Wakf Council estd Wakf act 1995 to manage properties donated by philanthropists to Muslim religious places, it advices the centre on such matters #body

Khadi and Village Industry Commission (KVIC) under Mo MSME statutory body made to ‘plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist’. #body
- [[4.1 Environment, Pollutions, EIA and DM Feb 2020 Onwards#^63c1ed |Projet Bold]], [[1.1 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilisation of resources, growth dev and employement#PMs Employment Generation Programme PMEGP |PMEGP]], [[Prelims Facts 1 April-2019-Feb-2020#^6a4773 |Honey Mission]], [[Prelims Facts 1 April-2019-Feb-2020#^083c3c |Project Replan]], [[Prelims Facts 2 March 2020-March 2021#^e06589 |Kumhar Sashaktikaran Program]], [[Prelims Facts 2 March 2020-March 2021#^08401f |Project RE HAB]]
7th CAA 1956 says same Governor can be of 2 or more states; can be dismissed on the advice of the PM, no provision for impeachment.

National Recruitment Agency NRA

Fin Min approves creation of National Recruitment Agency(NRA) to streamline various posts in the gov along w/ equivalent recruitment in PSBs through a Common Eligibility Test CET, held twice a year, score valid for 3 yrs, centres in every district, no restriction on attempts, upper age limit there, exam in 12 languages. #body

Zonal Councils

Zonal Councils :
- statutory #body under States Reorganisation committee Act 1956 only deliberative and advisory.
- there are 5 zonal councils N,E,W,S and Central, NE states+ Sikkim is not included in Zonal Councils.
- Home Minister is Chairman, CM of states are VC, advisors, members etc also there.
National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC) was designated as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Priority Medical Devices and Health Technology Policy.
- NHSRC is apex body of technical assistance estd in 2006.
- 23 mem body chaired by MoHFW set up under National Rural Health Mission.

GST Council

GST council under Art 279A will make recom to State and Union on imp issues related to GST. It is joint forum headed by Fin Minister.
- GST council meeting : Lottery rates will have uniform 28% GST; Industrial Parks with 20% GOI ownership will be exempt from GST earlier was 50%.

Debts Recovery Tribunal DRT

Debts Recovery Tribunal DRT enforces the Recovery of Debts estd under RDBBFI #Act 1993 and SARFAESI #act 2002. Its orders can travel beyond the ==Civil procedure court cannot hear criminal claims==. #body
==Mizo, Kaipeng and Malsom== are tribes of Tripura whose customary laws will be codified.
All medical devices will be notified as Drugs and will come under the Drugs and Cosmetics #Act 1940 was done after amending Medical devices rule 2017.

Law Commission

Law commission is reconstituted every 3 years since 1955. It has 1 chair and 4 other members including a secy. Executive body established by order of GOI.
- Head is a ==retired SC judge/ CJI of HC==.
- Cannot have more than 5 part time mem and Law secy is the ex-officio member 1st law commission was established under chairmanship of Lord Macaulay in 1834. #committee

Biodiversity Mgt Committee

Biodiversity Mgt #committee is constituted under Biodiversity #Act 2002 by the Local #Body. Has 1 chair and ==max 6 mem, 1/3rd has to be women and 18% need to be SC/STs== creates Peoples Biodiversity Register. #important

Dam issues in India

Mekedatu Dam is built in Cauvery river. Cauveri Water Mgt Authority has 1 chairman, 1 secy and 8 mem. 2/8 are full time and other 2/8 from center. Rest 4 are appt by member states. #body
- In case of interstate rivers lower riparian states need to given permission as per ISWD Act

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Issues wrt to Consumers

Central Consumer Protection Authority CCPA under CP #Act 2019, HQ in NCT Delhi.
- Penalty of Rs 10-50 lakh and imprisonment from 2-5 yrs.
- Ban from 13 yrs could file complaints for violation before various Dispute Redressal commissions. 1+2 mem #body

NAPA

National Anti-Profiteering Authority (NAPA) : constituted under GST #act 2017 to ensure that the benefit given by relaxing GST on products is passed down to the consumer by companies. #body

Adoption in India

Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) statutory #body under MoWCD
- regulates both inter and intra country adoptions of Indian kids in accordance w/ the Hague convention.

Enforcement Directorate

Enforcement Directorate ED #body
- enforces the provision of FEMA 1999 (civil law), Prevention of Money Laundering #Act PMLA 2002 (criminal law), Fugitive Economic Offender #Act 2018 and COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling #Act 1974.
- under Do Revenue, Mo Finance.
- Sessions court is designated as special courts for trying PMLA cases; appeals filed in HC.

Indian System of Medicine viz Ayurveda etc

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine #Act, 2019 (NCIM) - repeals the Indian Medicine Central Council #Act 1970 and seeks to estd State Medical Councils for Indian system of medicine.
- Const of National commission of Indian sys of medicine with 29 mem, term of 4 yrs.
- will frame policies, assess requirements, etc
- Autonomous boards of Siddha, Unani etc to be set up
- NEET based entrance exam to be held.

Technology Development Board

Technology Development Board TDB to promote dev and commercialisation of indigenous tech and adopt imported ones,
- has estd Global Innovation & Technology Alliance GITA w/ Confederation of Indian Industry CII to implement related international agreements. #body under DST, GOI. It is constituted as a not-for-profit PPP company.
National Wildlife Board advisory statutory #body under the WPA 1972 act
Fiscal Council recom by 14th Fin Comm for ex ante/forecast assessment of Budget proposals, co-ordinate with all levels of gov. Ex post done by CAG.

NFRA

R Narayanswamy #committee on accounting standards set up by National Financial Reporting Authority NFRA.
- NFRA estd 2018 check accounting scams, Chair appt by Centre, max 15 mem under Mo Corporate Affairs.
- independent regulator that enforces auditing standards to ensure their quality -> enhances investor and public confidence in coys.
- Can probe listed coys w/ paid up capital >500cr or annual turnover of 1000cr.

HEFA

Higher Education Financing Agency HEFA : registered as non-deposit taking NBFC #body under Mo Education.
- estd in 2017, JV b/w MHRD and Canara Bank 10:1 sharing of funds.
- mobilize resources from market individuals, corporates, bonds etc.
- Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) by 2022 under this HEFA’s scope inc to 1lk crore.

NIIO

Naval Innovation and Indigenisation Organisation NIIO 3 tiered
- Naval Technology Acceleration Council (N-TAC)
- working group under NTAC -> Technology Development Acceleration Cell (TDAC)

Armed Forces Tribunal

Armed Forces Tribunal : based on ==169th law commission== #Report, adjudicates disputes wrt commission, appointments, enrolments etc.
- Judicial mem are retired HC judges
- Adm mem are retired Armed forces personnel above Major Gen rank, or Judge Advocate General JAG.

Parliamentary Panel #report on virtual courts proceedings
- continue even in post COVID, transfer certain petty cases, infra needs be upgraded,
- Mo Law should address data privacy and data security concerns.

National Medical Commission

Minimum Requirement for annual MBBS admission Regulation 2020 by National Medical Council NMC : deleted quantum of land req, skills lab required, medical education unit, counselling services.

Extradition

Extradition #Act 1962 provides basis for extradition; MEA is nodal authority
If there is no Leader of Opposition the members of committees that require one is replaced by ==the leader of the single largest party== as per a 2016 Amendment.
National Startup Advisory Council NSAC : under DPIIT to foster culture of innovation. Chair is Mo Commerce & Industry #body
Bal Swaraj is an online tracking portal for children in need of care and protection. It is being used to find children orphaned by COVID.

International Arbitration

Gujarat International Maritime Arbitration Centre GIMAC for dusputes in maritime and shipping sector. #body
Solicitor General is appointed for 3 yrs by Appointment comm of Cabinet chaired by PM other mem is the Home Minister.

Commission of Enquiry, Suspension of Govt Servants

Commission of enquiry can be set up by both centre and state govt for state only for subjects mentioned in state/concurrent list.
- it is govt ordered public inquiry either by executive notice or by making ad hoc legislation.
- States cannot set up parallel commission if centre has already set up not applicable vice versa.
- Reports are not binding but can be accepted by courts as evidence.

Universal Service Obligation fund USOF is funded through 5% of cess on all Telecoms on their AGR. This is then used to fund projects such as the BharatNet.
- Estd in 2002 got statutory status under Indian Telegraph Amendment Act 2003 under Do Telecom. Its collections are deposited to Consolidated Fund of India.
SC has upheld the new definition of Adjusted Gross Revenues AGR to include that from non-core telecom operations viz late fees, installation charge, sale proceeds of handset etc earlier it comprised revenue only from non-core telecom. AGR comprises of ==Spectrum usage charges 3-5% and Licensing Fees 8%.==
Telecommunication Consumers Education and Protection Fund (TCEPF) to deposit all unclaimed money of consumers including excess charges, failed transactions, security deposits under the TCEPF Regulation of 2007

66A of IT Act provided for punishment upto 3 years for sending offensive messages on a computer. It was struck down as being violative of the right to free speech. It was struck down in the Shreya Singhal case.
- Countries such as US, UK are using backdoor channels to bring legislation back to again as it is an impediment to Freedom of speech.

Issues and Reforms wrt to Tribunals in India

Tribunal Reforms Act 2021
- Seeks to dissolve existing judicial bodies and transfer their functions. Also provides for uniform terms and conditions of mem of Tribunals.
- Empowers Central govt to make rules and appt of Chair and other mem on recom of Search cum selection comm headed by CJI/ SC Judge
CBI and State’s tussle for consent. 2 types of consent are case specific and general for cases concerning govt employees of a state or violent crime state’s consent under Section 6 of DPEA is necessary.

Special Marriage Act and Hindu Marriage act

Special Marriage Act 1954 allows marriage b/w different caste or religions w/o going through religious customs/ rituals. It requires one of the parties to give a notice of 30 days to marriage officer prior with details of them -> discourages it.

Static - Statutory, Regulatory, Various Quasi-Judicial Bodies

2020-10-21 17:06:58

Constitutional Bodies¹ Non Constitutional Bodies²

Short notes on Various Bodies (including Constitutional, Non Constitutional, Statutory etc.)

2020-06-11 11:50 :01

Central Bureau Of Investigation (CBI)

2020-01-03 08:36:06

CJI says legislation required to make the CBI efficient and impartial; under Mo Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions set in 1941;
Challenges: dependent on the Mo Home for staffing, Mo Law for lawyers and consent of the State gov; called caged carrot ‘coz of Politicisation and Corruption; Politically biased to the party in power, chances of getting influenced by gov; lacks functional autonomy. CBI operates under a formal, modern legal framework
2nd ARC suggested that a new law should be enacted to govern the working of the CBI Parliamentary standing committee (2007) recom that a separate act should be made in its 19th and 24th reports to strengthen the CBI in terms of legal mandate ensure financial autonomy for the outfit
Centre Planning to set Centralised Technology Vertical (CTV) to facilitate real time info sharing with investigators across country; Need : with rise in internet users ‘cyber manipulators’ have also increased sharing fake videos etc.

NITI Aayog ³

2019-06-11 11:14:59

—Vertical Imbalance where tax systems etc designed such that majority goes to Centre eg GST 60 40 share. Horizontal is when difference growth rate and development arises - 2 types 1 : due to inadequate provision public goods services, 2 : accelerating infra or capital deficit.

4 Pillars remove this for Fiscal federalism. Finance Commission - should focus to remove vertical imbalance only avoid being instrument of growth sub national level.

NITI Aayog. Ushering Decentralisation : 73 74 amendment Urban Local Body/Panchayati raj consolidated fund will curb intra state regional imbalance, equal Centre State GST share. Flawless GST : further simplification single rate gst, surcharges on sin goods, zero rating exports, reform IGST, adopt transparency evaluate w independent experts

Criticism

Not performed per expectation,
need assess its capabilities to become effective systems reformer and persuader of stakeholders.
Now mouthpiece of gov.

Need

Must independently evaluate gov programs,
course correction midst of a program transformational approach,
speed up organisational learning of stakeholder to make + implement plans together,
independent central gov/technical experts control through budgetary authority (1 or 2% GDP impetus to growth) allocated in formulaic manner
discourage micro mgt programs.

Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) Authority :

#body

Under Mo Corporate Affairs
statutory body under Companies Act 2013, ^f65f88
aims to administer the Investor Education and Protection Fund,
objective : promoting investor education awareness + protection.
Composition: Secy MoCA Chairperson, Joint Secretary CEO.

NABARD + NHB

#body

RBI divest 100% stake NHB NABARD to GOI
NHB is All India Financial Institution (AIFl), estd 1988 through National Housing Bank Act 1987
- apex body promote investment housing
NABARD estd July 1982 rural upliftment agri non-farm sector
On the recom of Shivaraman committee
replaced the Agriculture Credit Department (ACD), Agriculture Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC) and Rural planning and Credit Cell (RPCC).

Election Commission of India

#body

ECI Article 324 of constitution.
CEC, EC and Regional Commissioners appointed by Prez has a 6yr term or till 65
ECI was single body member became multi body by amendment in 1989.
Other mem are not constant fixed by Prez,
removed in the same manner as SC judge

BRO (Border Roads Organization)

#body

BRO raising day 7th May 1960,
under MoD, staffed from Army
Works in Afg., Bhutan, Sri Lanka, important in NE areas, Leh Laddakh development
Delaram-Zaranj highway AFG. , Farkhor base in Tajik made by it
BRO is a divided org and needs reform.

CAG

#body

Audit gov receipts expenditure and report to legislature,
redactive pricing, security concerns, scrutinised only by SC, analyse fact compare price, Parliament constitutionally privileged, independent audit CAG.
Supreme Audit Institute (SAI) : Compliance, Financial, Performance audit - cost degree program policy working intended objective CAG lacks expertise knowledge skill for this, detailed analysis, highlight value for money.

National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA)

#body

Estd on 1997 as an independent body has the task of fixation/ revision of prices of pharma products.
Only the drugs mentioned in the National List of Essential Medicines can be regulated.
Drugs Prices Control Order DPCO is passed by the Gov under Sec 3 of Essential Commodities Act 1955
Essential Commodities Act
Price increase : constituents transport fuel, Rs depreciation, taxes, Capped cancer drug price under Schedule 1.
Price Monitoring and Resource Unit PMRU helps NPPA and state drug controller to ensure availability/ accessibility, org seminars, training programs etc.

Competition Commission of India CCI

#body

Statutory, Quasi Judicial Body.
Estd under Competition act 2002 statutory replaced the MRTP Act and was suggested by the Raghavan #committee
to prevent adverse effect competition; promote competition in markets; protect consumer interest, freedom trade; assist gov law making, awareness, training.
2007 amendment prohibits anti-competitive agreements that are likely to cause adverse effect to competition
can take suo-moto investigation; can give punishments as fines

NSO (National Statistics Office)

#body

NSSO + CSO : merged now under MoSPI
Estd on recom of Rangarajan comm. 2000,
NSC will be a non-statutory body nodal supervisor to NSSO. Merger takes away NSSO autonomy better data access MoSPI & NITI.
Controversy Periodic Labour Force Survey(PLFS) NSC lose independence, NSSO budge staff shortage.
Way forward : improve survey design research methods, make NSO independent outside political influence, sufficient budget staff,

Population Research Centre (PRCs)

#body

Under Mo Health Family Welfare(MoHFW)
network of PRCs give input related to health family welfare prgrm
main role undertake research project (demographic family planning etc),
Located in Univ/Insitis, monitored through periodicals meeting seminars

NABCB (National Accreditation Board for Certification of Bodies)

#body

Constituent board of Quality Council of IN,
autonomous body under Mo Commerce & Industry,
To certify/inspect bodies per International standards, reduces risk for businesses and customers.
signed Mutual Recognition Arrangement with Asia Pacific Accreditation Cooperation (APAC) for Personnel certification bodies.
Will facilitate export of IN skill + manpower, help IN professional wout formal certification, person w ISO/IEC certi

North Eastern Council (NEC)

#body

Estd in 1971 to balance and coordinated develop among NE states
Regional planning body benefitting = 2 states separate plan for Sikkim
under Mo Develop NE Region(DoNER), MoHA ex officio chairman MoDoNER vice chair, Govs + CM NE states members

EPCA (Environment Pollution Prevention and Control Authority)

#body

Est 1998 Environment ministry under EPA 1988
Obj : protect and improve quality of env and control env pollution, assist apex court in related matters
Chairman + 14 mem
Function : prevent control pollution, enforce Graded Response Action Plan(GRAP)

Bureau of Indian Standards

#body

under Mo Consumer Affairs
statutory #body by BIS Act 1986
mem from both Cenrtre and State
BIS #Act 2016 : can take conformity assessment of products, services, processes, systems etc.
Product Certification #scheme to provide 3rd party assurance of quality, safety and reliability.

Income Tax Appellate Tribunal

Statutory Quasi Judicial body deals w/ direct taxes
Under Do Legal Affairs in Mo Law and Justice.
No Control by Mo Finance

Static - Appointment to Various Constitutional Post, Powers, Functions, Responsibilities of Various Constitutional bodies

2020-10-22 07:38:12

#todo ⏫ ✅ 2023-03-07

Appointment to CBI

Prakash Singh case 2019 : six-month minimum residual renure introduced by SC
C Dinakar case 2004 : IPS officers of senior most 4 batches will be eligible for consideration
Vinnet Narain case 1998 : Director to hold post for at least 2 yrs. Transfer only with consent of high-level committee

Corresponding Chapters in Laxmikanth

Chapter 42 42 - Election Commission
Chapter 43 43 - Union Public Service Commission
Chapter 44 44 - State Public Service Commission
Chapter 45 45 - Finance Commission
Chapter 46 46 - Goods and Services Tax Council
Chapter 47 47 - National Commission for SC
Chapter 48 48 - National Commission for STs
Chapter 49 49 - National Commission for BC
Chapter 50 50 - Special Officer for Linguistic Minority
Chapter 51 51 -Comptroller and Auditor General
Chapter 52 52 - Attorney General of India
Chapter 53 53 - Advocate General of the State
Chapter 55 55 - National Human Rights Commission
Chapter 56 56 - State Human Rights Commission
Chapter 57 57 - Central Information Commission
Chapter 58 58 - State Information Commission
Chapter 59 59 - Central Vigilance Commission
Chapter 60 60 - Central Bureau of Investigation
Chapter 61 61 - Lokpal and Lokayukta
Chapter 62 62 - National Investigation Agency
Chapter 63 63 - National Disaster Management Authority

PYQ

2020-10-30 14:21:35

Answers

Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. (राटिट्ीय नपछडा वग्भ आयोग के सांनवसधक ननकाय से संवैधाननक ननकाय में रूपांतरण को ध्ान में रखते हए इसकी भूगमका की नववेचना कीजजए) 2022

Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures. (यद्यनप मानवासधकार आयोगो ने भारत में मानव अ ं सधकारो के सं र ं क्ण में काफी हद तक योगदान हदया है, हफर भी वे ताकतवर और प्भाविाललयो के ं नवरुधि असधकार जात्ाने में असफल रहे हैं। इनकी सं रचनात्मक और व्यवहाररक सीमाओ का ं नवश्ेषण करते हए सुधारात्मक उपायो के सुझाव दीज ं जए।) 2021

Which steps are required for constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the National Commission for Women would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons. (एक आयोग के सांनवधाननकीकरण के ललए कौन-कौन से चरण आवश्यक हैं? क्ा आपके नवचार में राटिीट् य महहला आयोग का सांनवधाननकता प्दान करना भारत में लैंगगक न्ाय एवं सिक्तिकरण और असधक सुननजचित करेगा? कारन बताइए।) 2020

“The Central Administration Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority.” Explain. (के न्द्रीय प्िासननक असधकरण जजसकी स्ापना के न्द्रीय सरकार के कम्भचाररयो द् ं ाराया उनके नवरुधि शिकायतो एवं पर ं रवादो के न ं नवारण हेतु की गई थिी, आजकल एक स्तंत्र न्ाययक प्ासधकरण के रूप में अपनी िक्तियो का ं प्योग कर रहा है ।” व्याख्ा कीजजए।) 2019

“The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India.” Discuss. (“महान्ायवादी भारत की सरकार का मुख् नवसध सलाहकार और वकील होता है ।” चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2019

“The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has a very vital role to play.” Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of his appointment as well as the range of powers he can exercise. (“ननयंत्रक और महालेखापरीक्क (सी० ए० जी०) को एक अत्यावश्यक भूगमका ननभानी होती है।” व्याख्ा कीजजए हक यह हकस प्कार उसकी ननयुक्ति की नवसध और ितमों और साथि ही साथि उन असधकारो के ं नवस्तार से पररलशक्त होती है, जजनका प्योग बह कर सकता है।) 2018

How far do you agree with the view that tribunals curtail the jurisdiction of ordinary courts? In view of the above, discuss the constitutional validity and competency of the tribunals in India. (आप इस मत से कहाँ तक सहमत हैं हक असधकरण सामान् न्ायालयो की अ ं सधकाररता को कम करते हैं? उपयु्भति को दृनटिगत रखते हए भारत में असधकरणो की संवैधान ं नक वैधता तथिा सक्मता की नववेचना कीजजए।) 2018

Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face at both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer. (महहलाएँ जजन समस्ाओ का सा ं व्भजननक एवं ननजी दोनों स्लो पर सामना कर रही हैं, क् ं ा राटिट्ीय महहला आयोग उनका समाधान ननकालने की रणनीनत बनाने में सफल रहा है? अपने उत्र के समथि्भन में तक्भ प्स्तुत कीजजए।) 2017

Exercise of CAC’s powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and the States is derived from Article 149 of the Indian Constitution. Discuss whether audit of the Government’s Policy implementation could amount to overstepping its own (CAG) jurisdiction. (संघ और राज्यो के लेखाओ ं के ं सम्न में, ननयंत्रक और महालेखापरीक्क की िक्तियो का ं प्योग भारतीय सं नवधान के अनुच्ेद 149 से व्युत्न्न है । चचा्भ कीजजए हक क्ा सरकार की नीनत काया्भन्वयन की लेखापरीक्ा करना अपने स्यं (ननयंत्रक और महालेखापरीक्क) की असधकाररता का अनतरिमण करना होगा या हक नही।) ं 2016

What is a quasi-judicial body? Explain with the help of concrete examples. (अध्भ-न्ाययक (न्ाययकवत्) ननकाय से क्ा तात्य्भ है ? ठोस उदाहरणो की सहायता से स्प ं टि कीजजए।) 2016

What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 through the recent Ordinance promulgated by the President? How far will it improve India’s dispute resolution mechanism? Discuss. (राटिट्पनत द्ारा हाल में प्ख्ानपत अध्ादेि के द्ारा माध्स्म् और सुलह असधननयम, 1996 में क्ा प्मुख पररवत्भन हकए गए हैं? यह भारत के नववाद समाधान यांगत्रकत्व को हकस सीमा तक सुधारेगा? चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2015

“For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory institutions remain independent and autonomous.” Discuss in the light of the experiences in recent past. (“वांलछत उद्ेश्यो की प् ं ात्प्त के ललए यह सुननजचित करना आवश्यक है हक नवननयामक संस्ाएँ स्तंत्र और स्ायत् बनी रहें।” नपछले कुछ समय में हए अनुभवो के ं प्काि में चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2015

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India can be most effective when its tasks are adequately supported by other mechanisms that ensure the accountability of a government. In light of the above observation assess the role of NHRC as an effective complement to the judiciary and other institutions in promoting and protecting human rights standards. (भारत में राटिट्ीय मानव असधकारी आयोग सवा्भसधक प्भावी तभी हो सकता है, जब इसके कायमों को सरकार की जवाबदेही को सुननजचित करने वाले अन् नागररको का प ं या्भप्त समथि्भन प्ाप्त हो। उपरोति हिप्पणी में प्काि में, मानव असधकार मानको को प् ं ोन्ननत करने और उनकी रक्ा करने में, न्ायपाललका और अन् सं स्ाओ के ं प्भावी पूरक के तौर पर, एन.एच.आर.सी. की भूगमका का आकलन कीजजए।) 2014

The setting up of a Rail Tariff Authority to regulate fares will subject the cash strapped Indian Railways to demand subsidy for obligation to operate non-profitable routes and services. Taking into account the experience in the power sector, discuss if the proposed reform is expected to benefit the consumers, the Indian Railways or the private container operators. (हकरायो का ं नवननयमन करने के ललए रेल प्िुकि प्ासधकरण की स्ापना आमदनी-बं धे भारती रेलवे को गैर-लाभकारी मागमों और सेवाओ को चलाने के दाय ं यत्व के ललए सहाययकी मांगने पर मजबूत कर देगी। नवद्युत क्त्रक के अनुभव को सामने रऽते े हए चचा्भ कीजजए हक क्ा प्स्तानवत सुधार से उपभोतिाओ, भारतीय रेलवे या ं हक ननजी कं िेनर प्चालको को लाभ होने की आ ं िा है।) 2014

Discuss the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission which have been a departure from the previous commissions for strengthening the local government finances. (तेरहवें नवत् आयोग की अनुिं साओ की ं नववेचना कीजजए जो स्ानीय िासन की नवत्-व्यवस्ा को सुदृढ़ करने के ललए नपछले आयोगो से ं शभन्न है।) 2013

The product diversification of financial institutions and insurance companies, resulting in overlapping of products and services strengthens the case for the merger of the two regulatory agencies, namely SEBI and IRDA. Justify. (नवत्ीय सं स्ाओ व बीमा कम्पन ं नयो द् ं ारा की गई उत्ाद नवनवधता के फलस्रूप उत्ादों व सेवाओ में उ ं त्न्न परस्पर व्यापन ने सेबी (SEBI) व इडा्भ (IRDA) नामक दोनो न ं नयामक अशभकरणो के ं नवलय के प्करण को प्बल बनाया है। औचचत्य ससधि कीजजए।) 2013

[[Indian Polity Laxmikanth 6th edition.pdf#page=890]] ↩
[[Indian Polity Laxmikanth 6th edition 1.pdf#page=970]] ↩
54 - Niti Aayog ↩

Various Bodies - Constitutional, Statutory, Quasi-Judicial

Various Bodies - Constitutional, Statutory, Quasi-Judicial

CAG and issues related to it

Awards given by the state

Issues wrt to Lokpal and Lokayukta

Repromulgation of Ordinances

Waqf related land issues

KVIC and other MSME related issues

National Recruitment Agency NRA

Zonal Councils

GST Council

Debts Recovery Tribunal DRT

Law Commission

Biodiversity Mgt Committee

Dam issues in India

Issues wrt to Consumers

NAPA

Adoption in India

Enforcement Directorate

Indian System of Medicine viz Ayurveda etc

Technology Development Board

NFRA

HEFA

NIIO

Armed Forces Tribunal

Court Related Reforms

National Medical Commission

Extradition

International Arbitration

Commission of Enquiry, Suspension of Govt Servants

Telecom and AGR related Issues

66 A of IT Act and Issues related to it

Issues and Reforms wrt to Tribunals in India

Special Marriage Act and Hindu Marriage act

Static - Statutory, Regulatory, Various Quasi-Judicial Bodies

Short notes on Various Bodies (including Constitutional, Non Constitutional, Statutory etc.)

Central Bureau Of Investigation (CBI)

NITI Aayog 3

Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) Authority :

NABARD + NHB

Election Commission of India

BRO (Border Roads Organization)

CAG

National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA)

Competition Commission of India CCI

NSO (National Statistics Office)

Population Research Centre (PRCs)

NABCB (National Accreditation Board for Certification of Bodies)

North Eastern Council (NEC)

EPCA (Environment Pollution Prevention and Control Authority)

Bureau of Indian Standards

Income Tax Appellate Tribunal

Static - Appointment to Various Constitutional Post, Powers, Functions, Responsibilities of Various Constitutional bodies

Appointment to CBI

PYQ

Answers

Footnotes

NITI Aayog ³