Conservation Efforts

Conservation Efforts

2020-07-06 18:43:19

• Conservation Efforts
  • Critically Endangered
  • A Taxon is Endangered when
  • Vulnerable
  • WPA Act of 1972
    • Conservation Reserve and Community Reserves Are the Outcome of Amendments to the Wild Life Protection Act in 2003
      • Conservation Reserves
      • Community Reserve
    • Marine Protected Area
      • Classified into 3 Categories
    • Sacred Groves
      • Biosphere Reserves
      • Tiger Reserve Includes

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Critically Endangered

• reduction in population ( 90% over the last 10 years)
• population size (number less than 50 mature individuals)
• quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in wild in at least 50% in their 10 years
• extremely high risk of extinction in the wild

A Taxon is Endangered when

• reduction in population size (70% over the last 10 years)
• fewer than 250 mature individuals
• quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in wild in at least 20% within 20 years
• very high risk of extinction in the wild

Vulnerable

• reduction in population (50% over the last 10 years)
• fewer than 10,000 mature individuals
• probability of extinction in wild is at least 10% within 100 years
• high risk of extinction in the wild

WPA Act of 1972

• Poaching, smuggling and illegal trade of animals listed Schedule 1 to Schedule 4 are prohibited
• Animals listed in Schedule 5 called Vermin they can be hunted.
• Plans are listed in Schedule 6. Their cultivation, collection, extraction, trade etc are prohibited.

Conservation Reserve and Community Reserves Are the Outcome of Amendments to the Wild Life Protection Act in 2003

• provides recognition, legal backing to the community initiated efforts in wildlife protection. Wildlife conservation is achieved without compromising community needs.

Conservation Reserves

• area owned by the State gov adjacent to National Parks and Sanctuaries.
• It is managed through a Conservation Reserve Management Committee
• Tirunelveli was the first conservation reserve.

Community Reserve

• State Government may notify any community land or private land as a Community Reserve on mutual agreement.
• improving socio-economic conditions.
• Also managed through Management Committee. Any changes in land use pattern requires a resolution to be passed.

Marine Protected Area

• intertidal or sub tidal terrain along with overlaying water flora and fauna, cultural/historical features
• In India it is concentrated in small areas like lagoons, mangrooves, coral reefs etc.

Classified into 3 Categories

• Category I - NP and Sanctuaries and having an entire areas in intertidal/sub tidal region.
• Category II - includes Islands that have major part in marine ecosys
• Category III A - includes sandy beaches beyond inter tidal region.
• Category III B - Includes evergreen/ semi ever green forests of Islands.
• They are designated under WPA 1972.

Sacred Groves

State	Sacred Grove
Andhra Pradesh	Pavitraskhetralu
Arunachal P.	Gumpa (attached to monasteries)
Assam	Than, Madaico
Chattisgarh	Sarna, Devlas, Mandar, Budhadev
Goa	Deorai
Haryana	Beed, Bani, Bann, Janglat
Himachal P	Dev Kothi, Devban, Bakhu Devban
Jharkhand	Sarna, Jaherthan
Karnantaka	Devarakadu or Devkad
Kerala	Kavu, Sarpa Kavu
Maharashtra	Deorai
Manipur	Umang Lai, Gamkhap, Mauhak (bamboo groves)
Orissa	Jahera, Thakurnamma
Puducherry	Kovil Kadu
Rajasthan	Oran, Kenkri, Vani, Shamlat deh, Devnai, Jogmaya
Sikkim	Gumpa
Tamil Nadu	Kovil Kadu
Uttarakhand	Devbhumi, Baun, Bugyal (sacred Alpine meadows)
West Bengal	Garamthan, Harithan, Jahera, Sabitrithan, Santalburithan.
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Biosphere Reserves

• Man and Biosphere program is an intergovernmental Scientific Program.
• main governing body is International Coordinating Council.
• The concept of Biosphere Reserves was refined by a Task Force of UNESCO’s MAB Programme in 1974.
• The national Biosphere Reserve Programme was initiated in 1986.

Criteria for designation as BR:

• must contain protected, minimally disturbed core
• Core must be bio-geographical unit
• involvement of local communities
• areas potential for traditional tribal or rural modes of living

They are divided into 3 zones

• Core Zone : undisturbed area having numeour flora and fauna at all trophic levels. It should be kept free from all human interference.
• Buffer Zone : Activities like restoration, limited recreation, tourism etc can be done.
• Transition Zone : It has settlements, crop lands, managed forests etc.
• The mgt of BR lies with the State/UT financial assistance and guidance is given by center.
• The MABs World Network of Biosphere Reserve was started in 1977.

Biodiversity Hotspot concept was put forth by Norman Myers in 1988. Its Criteria are :

• Species endemism : must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (ie 0.5% of worlds total) as endemics
• It has to have lost at least 70% of its original habitat.

Tiger Reserve Includes

• Core Zone : are notified by the State gov with an expert committee, rights of ST’s should not be affected during protection.
• Buffer Zone : aims at coexistency of wildlife and human activity. Limits of such areas are determined in consulation with Gram sabha and committee.
• Alteration of boundaries of a tiger reserve be made on recom of NTCA and approval of National Board of Wildlife.

State Gov cannot denotify a tiger reserve except in public interest with approval of NTCA.

Difference between National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Biosphere Reserve

• NP and Wildlife Sanctuary both are established under WPA 1972

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