Social Composition of Early Congress Leadership

2020-04-27 15:15 :06

PherozeShah Mehta

#todo
was more militant among the liberal and broke away from older leaders to form Bombay Presidency Association in.
Did not appreciate radicalism.
was a moderate who thought association w/ extremists was dangerous.

![[8.7 The Moderates and Extremists#Gopal Krishna Gokhale 1866-1915|Gokhale]]

In 1892 he became the first IN to become mem of House of Commons from Finsbury.
Was president of INC 3 times in 1886, 1893 and 1906.
Founded a Dnyan Prasarak Mandali and Girls High School at Bombat and the Bombay Association in 1852.
He stayed in London from 1855 to 1869 formed the London Indian Association and East India Association to spread awareness about condition of Indians
He pledged loyalty to to British crown and desired permanent continuance of Br rule in IN in 1886.
Was the first to ask for self-govt or swaraj in 1906.
Expounded the Drain theory in his book Poverty and un-British Rule in India 1901.

aka Lokmanya and the Uncrowned King of India.
Founded the Poona New Enlish School in 1890 along w/ GG Agarkar.
Kesari, Maratha Magazines 1881 and Shivaji and Ganpati Festivals.
he was the leader of the extremists along w/ Lal and Pal the trio formed the Nationalist Party/Extremist Party within the Congress -> Surat Split.
He never presided over INC session.
against govt intervention in marriage and other customs of Indians.
AITUC in 1920.
Tilak Swaraj Fund during NCM was leader in Poona and Bombay.
Home Rule League in 1916 also went to England.
demanded education in vernacular.
was charged with instigating murder of Rand and Ayerst in 1897.
Jailed for 6 years in Mandalay for sedition when he commented in Muzzafarpur Bomb case.
first to openly declare demand for Swaraj.
he favored a policy of responsive co-operation.
Was a moderate in terms of Social reform and opposed the Age of Consent Bill.
Wrote The Arctic Home of the Vedas and Gita Rahasya.
Associated with Swaraj party.

aka Sher-i-Panjab; under the influence of Hansraj he joined the Arya Samaj.
Journals The Panjabee, The Bande Mataram and English weekly The People was founded by him.
Went to England along with Gokhale in 1905 to educate English public about problems and aspirations of IN.
Again in 1914 he went to England and then to USA to create an opinion against imperialism.

Uneven rep, total exclusion of non-elite groups of IN society
Western educated professional more over landed aristocrats
Predominantly high caste
Attended by 72 non official IN reps from most classes
Landowners had cordial relation
29% delegates b/w 1892 1909 were landlords, 40% lawyers, 15% traders, 3% doctors, 3% teachers, 17% other professionals
Could not take pro peasant stand, opposed factory reforms like Mining bills, labour reforms,
Mostly Hindu, 6.5 % Muslims, 40% Hindus were Brahmans.
Muslim participation declined since 1893.
Lord Dufferin - congress represented a microscopic minority.