Current Issues on Role of Women and Women Related Organisation

2019-05-02 16:29 :51

Current Issues on Role of Women and Women Related Organisation
Population, Poverty and Urbanisation Related Issues April 2019 Onwards
PYQ : Role of Women, Population, Urbanisation
- Women PYQ
- Poverty, Population, Dev Related issues PYQ
  - Answers

Sexual Harassment, Violence against Women, Reprodutive Health etc.

Protect the reputation of sexual offence accused. Permanent loss of dignity/reputation, against Article 21 & Art 20(3) - innocent until proven guilty. Amend IPC 228A which protects the identity of accused. Eg. S Nambi Narayan
Nirbhaya Fund est 2013 corpus 1000cr unutilised; need to improve coordination among ministries. Emergency response. support system under MoHA single emergency no 112.
Sexual Harassment of Women and Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) #Act in 2013
According to WHO 200mil girls have suffered from ==Female Genital Mutilation== in Saharan and Sub-saharan africa, Arabia.
Istanbul convention : prevent violence against women and domestic violence. Signed by 45 countries and EU adopted by Council of Europe. Only Legally Binding agreement on Women. India is not a party of this convention. ^803dbb
National Mission for Safety of Women NMSW aims to set up fast track special courts FTSCs for trials relating to sexual offences.
SC observation on violence against women : are rampant, non-retaliation by W, absence of laws addressing W issues, ignorance of existing laws.
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence #Act 2005 ==recognises live in relationships==.
Assisted Reproductive Technology ART comprises of procedures such as in vitro fertilisation IVF, intra uterine insemination IUI, oocyte and sperm donation, cryopreservation, surrogacy etc.
- Surrogacy is when another woman agrees to bear the child of someone else. Foreigners are not allowed to do this in India but NRI’s can. Only for married couples.
- It is open to married couples, live in partners, single women, foreigners etc.

![[#Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana]]

She-box or Sexual Harassment electronic Box SHe-Box to provide single window access to every women irrespective or work status.

Q. Scheme for prevention of trafficking and recuse and rehab of victims of sexual exploitation by Mo WCD? Ujjawala #scheme

Amendment in Protection of Children from Sexual Offences POSCO, 2012 #Act . Changes required:
- more stringent punishments including death, fines and imprisonment to curb child porn,
- protect children from sexual offences in times of ==Natural calamities==.
Swadhar Greh #Scheme under Mo WCD to rehab women in difficult circumstances.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy 1971 - [refer notes new changes]
Indecent Representation of Women 1986 - through publications, writings, paintings, and figures or any other manners
Domestic Violence Act 2005 - domestic violence in all forms is punishable
Criminal Law Amendment Act 2013 - increased sentence to rape convicts, acid attackers, stalking, voyeurism.

Issues with Adolescent Girls, Education, GER etc

![[#Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme Features :]]

Women’s representation in Professional Institutions

==ILO #report ‘Women in Business Mgt case for change’==. Findings :
- 30% women rep needed, half coys surveyed had 30% women.
- 60% coys 30% in senior role.
- avg global workforce 48.5% women 75% men Asia Pacific 45%.
- More Women improve profit productivity inc 25% add $5.3trill golbal.
Women to be inducted as Personnel Below Officer Rank (PBOR). To comprise of 20% of MP (Military Police), Earlier only Medical, Legal, Educational, Signals, Engg wing
Women, Business and the Law Index published by World Bank analyses laws and regulations that affect women’s economic inclusion. India was ranked 117th, 8 economies scored a perfect 100 include Latvia, Belgium, Canada etc. #report
Women will now be able to Command units in the Army, they are now at par with male counterparts at all levels.
PC to W officers in Navy : motherhood and Physiological limitations reek of stereotypical mindset, against Equality, dignity.
The opportunity Index 2021 by LinkedIn : 90% women negatively impacted by Coronavirus, many miss job due to gender. #report
NCW + LBSNAA launched Training program for Protection officers who inform women of their rights, file DIR etc are appointed under Domestic Violence act; at least 1 under every judicial magistrate, could be from Govt or NGO.
Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana for women farmers sub component of DDU Antyodaya Yojana to adopt a sustainable climate resilient agro ecology, create skilled community, sustainable agri practices like ZBNF, Mo Rural Dev.
Maternity Benefit Act 1961 - maternity benefits and paid leave for 6 months

Factors Affecting Women’s Participation

Missing policy aimed towards women education, training and access to resources like land, credit etc.
Social perception as females being inferior, child bearers/rearers, home makers etc.
Structural changes in the economy
Division of labour based on gender
Govt Programs focused more on men

Gender Equity, Equality, Menace of Patriarchy.

BBBP (Beti Bachao Beti Padhao) #scheme aimed at gender equality and educating girls, improve child sex ratio(0-6yr) which was 911 in 2011, tri ministerial effort MoWCD, Health & Child Welfare, HRD. GER of girls have inc and is more than boys,
Global Gender Gap #report 2020 by WEF GGG index measures using 4 pillars economic opp, political empowerment, educational attainment and health and survival ^6a04a0
- IN ranked 112/ 153 dec by 4, ICE NOR FIN topped
- largest disparity in political empowerment, will take 100 yrs for gap to close
- Challenges for IN : economic gender gap is deep.
SDG Gender Index by Equal measure 2030 accounts 14/17 SDGs. IN 95/129 very poor lowest score in partnership #report
Gender Social Norms #report was released by UNDP. It measures how social beliefs obstruct gender equality in various areas. Beijing +25 is related to Women Empowerment.
Global Gender Gap 2021 #report by WEF In ranked 140 decline in political Empowerment, education, women income and their labour force participation. [[3.2 Role of Women and Women’s organisation, population and other associated Issues, poverty and development issues, Urbanization, their problems and remedies.#^6a04a0|2020 Report]]
Sex ratio 2018 #report - ==Arunachal P has 1084, worst is Manipur 757==
- Challenges : insufficient resources to undertake inspection and monitoring, lack qualified staff, poor performance of advisory comm, lack awareness,

Women and their position in society, Child Marriage, Prostitution, Triple Talaq etc

Child Marriage : globally 12 mil girls married in childhood. Highest in Sub Saharan African. 2nd is South Asia. In India Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 and Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006 deals w/ it.
Convention on Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women CEDAW : 1st human rights treaty specific to women by UNGA. Defines discrimination.
Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Children Act 1956 governs sex workers in India.
Muslim Women Protection of rights on Marriage #Act 2019. Prevents triple Talaq, declaration in written/electronic form void illegal, 3yrs prison. Criticism : Divorce is civil offence criminalising is disproportionate.

Q. Encourage families to retain a girl child, educate her and prevent child marriage through cash transfers? Dhanalakshmi #Scheme

Female foeticide and infanticide/ Social Violence - Lancet has reported 10 million such abortions in last 10 years. Swanchetan is one NGO working in this field

Dowry

accounts for 40-50% of homicides
Need and Causes
- Liberal interpretation of IPC 304-B, accused also be given opportunity to give his side of story, avoid vague and absurd interpretations of laws
- Greed, Illiteracy and Lack of willingness to adhere to laws are reasons
Dowry Prohibition Act 1961 - complaint can be made by welfare organisation, burden of proof to husbands family in case of death within 7 yrs

Women Empowerment

Delhi Free rides to women buses metro; tackle road congestion
Kanyashree #scheme WB : conditional ==cash transfer== received UN Public Service award
Kanya Sumangala Yojana #scheme in UP will provide Rs 15,000 for every girl child born in phased manner
Nari Shakti Puraskar given by Prez on 8 March on International Women’s Day announced by MoWCD. IWD theme was Generation Equality.
One Stop Centre #scheme (OSCS) aka Sakhi by MoWCD under National Mission for Empowerment of Women for ==women affected by violence== - provide legal aid, shelter, medical support, emergency response.

Role of Women’s Organisation in Empowerment, SHGs, NGOs etc.

Self-Employed Women’s Association SEWA - trade union for poor self-employed women in unorganised sector
Working Women’s Forum WWF - poverty reduction and socio-economic and cultural upliftment of women.
Annapurna Mahila Mandal - welfare of women and girl child

Womens Health

![[#PM’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment (POSHAN) Abhiyan]]

Position of Women in the Globalised society, their international situation

Women(21+) in Saudi Arabia now allowed to travel abroad without obtaining permission from a male guardian, apply for passports, and register their marriages and divorces.

Various Post-independence Legislative that Have Been Passed for Empowering Women Are

Sati Prevention Act 1987
Criminal Law Amendment Act 1983 - against rape and domestic violence
Special Marriage Act 1954 - inc in marriage age from 21 yrs for Males to 18 yrs for females
Hindu Succession Act 1956 - equal share to daughter from property of father, similar right to widow. 2005 Amendment gives equal right to daughters in ancestral property
Immoral Traffic Prevention Act ITPA 1986 - prohibits traffic of women and girls for prostitution

Issues Relating Women

Rape, Sexual Harassment and Abuse/ Criminal Violence -
Domestic violence and dowry related deaths/ Domestic Violence
Prostitution
Objectification of women
Illiteracy, Lack of awareness
Low participation in the workforce
Unpaid care work : Need to bring out more data to frame targeted policy, invest in physical infra, redistribute care work between Men and Wome

Demographic Profile of Women

Sex Ratio - 940/1000 as per census 2011, Haryana has 877/1000
Health -
Literacy - 65.46 as per 2011 census, Kerala at 100% and Bihar at 46.40
Employment -
Political Status - 73/74 CAA ensures 1/3rd reservation.

Govt Response

Committee on the status of women in India CSWI set up in 1947 stressed the fact that poor are not a homogenous group and highlighted the burden of poverty among women.
Draft National Plan of Action for Women -
National Commission of women NCW set up as a statutory body in 1992
National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Dev NIPCCD - under Mo WCD to promote social development through training and capacity building

Women Empowerment Programs/Schemes - [refer Mo WCD scheme section]

Gender Budgeting like Nirbhaya Fund, All Women Bank

Mo WCD

#scheme 2020-06-12 16:05:35

PM’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment (POSHAN) Abhiyan

#important #MoWCD

for children, pregnant women and lactating mothers.

Features :

targets to reduce ==stunting, undernutrition, anemia and reduce low birth weight== by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2%.
4 pillars are inter sectoral convergence, use of ICT, intensified health and nutrition services and Jan Andolan
Behavior change communication is the key component
Funded 50% by Central gov and 50% by WB
Executive Committee is the Apex body
National Council on India’s nutritional challenges under chairmanship of Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog
India and UNICEF have jointly signed the ―Country Programme 2018-2022
PM Poshan Shakti Nirman #Scheme - Mid day meal scheme has been renamed
- MDM was under MoHRD
- guarantees 1 meal in govt aided schools and madrasas for students upto Class VIII at least 200days a year.
- New scheme features : supplementary provision in aspirational districts, Nutri gardens in schools, Women SHG’s and FPOs to be encouraged, Tithi Bhojan to encourage local cuisines.
POSHAN Tracker aka ICDS - CAS (Integrated Child Development Services Common Application Software) to track services delivered at aganwadis.

[[3.1 Welfare Schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the centre and States and performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.#Mid Day Meal aka PM Poshan Scheme |Mid Day Meal]] will now be called PM Poshan.

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana

#scheme #MoWCD

cash benefit of Rs. 5,000 in three installments under conditions of ==Early registration of pregnancy, Ante-natal check-up==.
Registration of the birth of the child and completion of first cycle of vaccination. For the first live birth.
also receive cash incentive under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) of Rs 1000.
MP was best performer for state w/ pop 1crore → AP → Haryana.
monitored by Common Application Software (PMMVY-CAS)

Integrated Child Development

#scheme #MoWCD

Scheme features :

centrally sponsored implemented by state governments
providing ==supplementary nutrition, immunization and pre-school education== to the children
Beneficiaries - Children in the age group of 0-6 years, Pregnant women and Lactating mothers
services are offered at Anganwadi Centres through Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and Anganwadi Helpers (AWHS)

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme Features :

#scheme #MoWCD

address the issue of decline in CSR in 100 gender critical districts
Objective is to Prevent ==sex selective elimination==, protection and education of girl child.
through mass communication and multi sectoral action

Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana

#scheme #MoWCD

launched as part of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign
==savings account== can be opened at the time of birth of a girl child till 10 yr minimum of Rs. 1000 and maximum of Rs. 1.5 lakh can be deposited interest rate of 9.1 % and income tax rebate b/w 0-10 years.
Account will mature in 21 years from date of opening, parital withdrawal can be done.

Population and Associated Issues Problems and Remedies, Poverty and Development Issues Their Problems and Remedies,

2019-06-20 15:19:52

[[legy201.pdf]] - Population | Economic Geography NCERT
[[legy202.pdf]] - Migration | Economic Geography NCERT
Population : < https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/iess106.pdf>
Demography : < https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lesy102.pdf>
Poverty as a Challenge : < https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/iess203.pdf>
Poverty : < https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/keec104.pdf>>

World population Growth

UN Do Economic Social Affairs UNDESA #report ‘World Pop prospects 2019’. Findings :
- IN to cross CN pop by 2027, World pop 2050 will be 9.7bil
- World pop ageing 1/6 people will be 65+ by 2050 currently 1/11 are 65+;
- life expectancy inc from 64.2 - 77.1
**State of the World Population 2019 #report ** of the UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) : Findings : ^e924af
- IN in 2019 has 1.37 billion/7.71 billion grew at rate of 1.2% per year b/w 2010-19;
- Life Expectancy at birth is lower than the world’s - 69 years to 72;
- Maternal Mortality ratio in 2015 was 174 deaths per 100,000 live births;
- Fertility Rate in 2019 is 2.3 births/woman.
State of World Pop #report [[Static - Important International institutions, agencies and fora their structure, mandate#^a00be7|UNFPA]] esp concern on bodily autonomy [[3.2 Role of Women and Women’s organisation, population and other associated Issues, poverty and development issues, Urbanization, their problems and remedies.#^e924af|2019 report]]
World Inequality Report by World Inequality Lab. Inequalities within b/w countries is decreasing and within it was increasing.
Malthusian theory of population : unchecked population growth would outgrow its resoueces leading to economic and environmental problems

Population of India

Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin by Registrar Gen of India (per thousand people) #report
- National Birth Rate 2018 at 20, Bihar 26.2 was highest, Andaman Nicobar lowest at 11.2,
- Death Rate is 6.2, Chhatisgarh highest, Delhi lowest
- Decline of 11% in birth rate from 2019
- ==IMR at 32 MP has worst at 48 and Nagaland best at 4==
Census : provides information on size, distribution, demography etc details about population. Started by Mayo in 1872. 1st Census was held in 1881.
- It is done by office of registrar general and Census commissioner under Mo Home Affairs.
- Census is conducted by the Office of Registrar, Mo Home.

Issue of Internal and External Migration

UNDESA - International Migrant Stock 2019. IN has most 17.5 million/ 272 million migrants followed by MEX, RUS, CN. Most have settled in US; Women share is 48% in 2019 #report
Global #Report on Internal Displacement by Internal Displacement Monitoring CentreIndia has most displaced 5mil reason - Monsoon, tropical storms. Globally 34 mil

Poverty and Population linkages

Time to care #report by Oxfam International focuses on alleviation of poverty. Findings :
- World’s richest 1% hold more than 2x that of 6.9 bil people.
- extreme poverty rates of women are 4% higher
- In India richest 1% hold 4x wealth of lowest 10%.
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission(SPMRM) centrally sponsored #scheme. Provisions 24/7 water supply, solid + liquid waste mgt, street lights, public transport, agri tourism, skill develop, MSMEs etc.
IN Child Well-Being Index by World Vision IN and IFMR LEAD. Findings : Kerala, TN, HP and Puducherry topped; Meghalaya, Jharkhand and MP bottom. #report
IN ranks 113/176 countries on the End of Childhood Index by Save the Children NGO. #report

Poverty and Hunger

Global Hunger Index 2019 report by Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide IN ranked 102 #report
Global Hunger Index #report by Concern Worldwide + Welthungerhilfe - IN ranked 94/107
- 14% of pop does not get enough calorie, Child Mortality is 3.7%, C Stunting is 35%, C Wasting is 17.3%
- Poor maternal health, too young mothers, poor sanitation
- GHI 2021 report : India was ranked 101 and level of hunger was serious. Ranked worst in child wasting.

Municipality Issues viz Sanitation, Governance.

Randomised control trials allows economists to isolate the influence of certain variable on an outcome/event, samples are randomly picked.
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation AMRUT #scheme focuses on water supply, sewerage mgt, storm water drainage, non-motorized urban transport, green parks. 500 cities selected under it
Nagpur Resolution previously Shillong declaration was adopted for ==good governance==.
- Blue Heart campaign by US : raise global awareness to fight human trafficking

Right to City, Issue of Slums etc.

#PrelimsPYQ

Cleanliness

Swachh Survekshan 2020 #report by Mo Housing and Urban Affairs, categorisation based on population.
- Indore cleanest city Surat Navi Mumbai
- Chhattisgarh cleanest state
Swacch Iconic places(SIP) #scheme said Vaishno Devi Shrine was best. Under MoDrinking Water and Sanitation’s Swacch Bharat Mission Employs PPP model in 3 phases improves sewage mgt, drainage sys, restoration etc in places.
Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2021 under SBM II to support ODF+ by giving ranking on the basis of Direct observation, Feedback and Service level progress.
SBM 2nd phase and [[3.1 Welfare Schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the centre and States and performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.#Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation |AMRUT]] -> cities free of garbage and enure safe water, not allow untreated seawater discharge.
Parliamentary Standing #Committee on Urban Dev reported on Swacch Bharat Mission in LS - ODF+, ODF++ and Water Plus is to be implemented by 2024 - ODF+ focuses on toilets with paper, maintenance and hygiene - ODF++ on toilets with sludge and septage mgt - Water Plus aims to sustain toilets by treating and reusing of water
Swachh Bharat Mission second phase b/w 2020-21 and 2024-25 Mission mode implementation, focus on ODF+, converge w/ MGNREGA and Jal Jeevan Mission. #scheme

Food and Nutrition in Cities

Global #Report on Food Crisis by UN World Food Program says that 135 mil people in 55 countries faced acute food insecurity putting their life and livelihoods in immediate danger.
UN voluntary guidelines on food systems and nutrition. Says to Focus on governance, sustainable supply chain, equitable access, nutrition knowledge, gender equality, resilient food sys

Smart Cities

India smart cities Award by Mo HUPA. UP top followed by MP and TN. Indore and Surat best for overall Dev.
Freight Smart Cities by Mo Commerce : city level logistics comm be formed who would create logistics plans, include private stakeholders.
Science and Tech Indicators STI 2018 #report by National Science and Tech Management Information System NSTMIS under DST.
- private sector research coy employ larger proportion of women in core R&D activities
- IN scientists are overwhelmingly men
City Innovation Exchange CiX: by Mo HUA will connect cities to innovators, ease discovery, design etc #report
Smart Cities Mission SCM #scheme under Mo HoUA, Centrally Sponsored Scheme w/ objective to integrate city functions, utilize scarce resources more efficiently and improve quality of life. Its 4 pillars are Social, Physical, Institutional, Economic Infrastructure.

Ease of Living in Urban areas

World’s Fastest Growing Urban Areas by Economist Intelligence Unit EIU based on UN Populations Divisions data. Mallapuram topped the list and Kozhikode was 4th #report
Global Liveability Index by EIU ranks living conditions topped by Vienna; Delhi is at 118 and Mumbai at 119. Parameters included Health Care, Sanitation, Stability, Culture and Env etc #report
Ease of Living Index EoLI 2020: by Mo HUA Bengaluru topped 1mil+ city ad Shimla for less than 1mil #report
Municipal Performance Index by Mo HUA Indore topped for 1mil+ and New Delhi Municipal Council for 1mil less #report

NFHS Survey reports

National Family Health Survey NFHS 5 : TFR dec to 2.0, Female sterilisation dropped, inc in stunting, wasting etc by Mo Health and International Institute of Population Sciences IIPS as nodal agency. #report
- IN does not need 2 child policy, most states achieved replacement level fertility.
- Children Nutrition improved by at a slower pace but share of severely wasted children or overweight or anaemic children has not come down.
- Health Insurance coverage has increased to 41% due to PM JAY.

Other Issues

Global Metro Monitor : 9 IN metros in top 150 metros by 2030 there will be 71 metros have pop1mil.
Master Plan 2041 for Delhi : to foster sustainable, liveable and vibrant Delhi. Incentivise rented accomodation, user pays principle and minimise vehicular pollution, buffer zone near Yamuna R.

PYQ : Role of Women, Population, Urbanisation

2020-10-30 13:46:25

Women PYQ

’Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata. Substantiate your view.	2018
How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes?	2015
How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in India?	2014
Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing feminization of agriculture in India.	2014
Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments.	2014
Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization free from gender bias. Comment.	2013

’Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing.’ Explain by giving reasons.	2018
Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India.	2018
Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success.	2018
”An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from deprivation.” Substantiate this statement with suitable examples	2016
Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause of population increase in India.	2015
Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades.	2015
The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss.	2014

Answers

Poverty, Population and Globalisation

Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail. (जनसं ख्ा शिक्ा के प्मुख उद्ेश्यो की ं नववेचना करते हए भारत में इन्ें प्ाप्त करने के उपायो पर ं नवस्तृत प्काि डाललए।) 2021

COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. (कोनवद-19 महामारी ने भारत में वग्भ असमानताओ एवं गरीबी को ग ं नत दे दी है। हिपण्ी कीजजए।) 2020

How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the educational system in the country? Elaborate your answer. (भारत में हडजजिल पहल ने हकस प्कार से देि की शिक्ा व्यवस्ा के सं चालन में योगदान हकया है? नवस्तृत उत्र दीजजए।) 2020

‘Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing.’ Explain by giving reasons. (‘भारत की सरकार द्ारा ननध्भनता उन्ूलन के नवशभन्न काय्भरिमो के ं हरियान्वयन के बावजूद, ननध्भनता अभी भी नवद्यमान है ।’ कारण प्स्तुत करते हए स्पटि कीजजए।) 2018

Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India. (चचा्भ करें हक क्ा हाल के समय में नये राज्यो का न ं नमा्भण, भारत की अथि्भव्यवस्ा के ललए लाभप्द है या नही है।) ं 2018

Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success. (भारत में ‘महत्त्वाकांक्ी जजलों के कायाकपि’ के ललए मूल रणनीनतयो का उल् ं ेख कीजजए और इसकी सफलता के ललए, अशभसरण, सहयोग व प्नतस्पधा्भ की प्कृ नत को स्पटि कीजजए।) 2018

“An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from deprivation.” Substantiate this statement with suitable examples. (“गरीबी उन्ूलन की एक अननवाय्भ ित्भ गरीबो को वंच ं चतता के प्रिम से नवमुति कर देना है।” उपयुति उदाहरण प्स्तुत करते हए इस कथिन को पुटि कीजजए।) 2016

Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause of population increase in India. (समालोचनापूव्भक परीक्ण कीजजये हक क्ा बढ़ती हई जनसं ख्ा ननध्भनता का मुख् कारण है या हक ननध्भनता जनसं ख्ा वृगधि का मुख् कारण है।) 2015

Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades. (नपछले चार दिको में, भारत के भीतर और भारत के बाहर ं रिगमक प्वसन की प्वृचत्यो में पर ं रवत्भनो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजये।) 2015

The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss. (सं युति पररवार का जीवन चरि सामाजजक मूलो के बजाय आर्थिक कारको ं पर न ं नभ्भर करता है। चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2014

Women

Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India. (भारत में महहलाओ के स ं िक्तिकरण की प्हरिया में ‘गगग इकोनॉमी’ की भूगमका का पररक्ण कीजजए।) 2021

“Empowering women is the key to control population growth”. Discuss. (“महहला सिक्तिकरण जनसं ख्ा सं वृगधि को ननयंगत्रत करने की कुं जी है ।” चचा्भ कीजजए। ) 2019

What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space? (भारत में महहलाओ के ं समक् समय और स्ान सं बं सधत ननरंतर चुनोनतयाँ क्ा-क्ा है ?) 2019

‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata. Substantiate your view. (‘भारत में महहलाओ के आंदोलन ने, न ं नम्नतर सामाजजक स्तर की महहलाओ के म ं द्ो को सं बो ं सधत नहीं हकया है। अपने नवचार को प्माशणत ससधि कीजजए।) 2018

How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes? (आप उन आंकडो को ं हकस प्कार स्पटि करते हैं, जो दिा्भते हैं हक भारत में जनजातीय ललगानुपात, अनुसूच ं चत जानतयो के बीच ल ं लगानुपात के मुकाबले, मह ं हलाओ के अ ं सधक अनुकू ल हैं?) 2015

How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in India? (भारत में एक मध्म-वगथीय कामकाजी महहला की अवस्स्नत को नपतृतंत्र हकस प्कार प्भावी करता है?) 2014

Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing feminization of agriculture in India. (ऐसे नवशभन्न आर्थिक और सामाजजक-सांस्ृ नतक बलो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजए, जो भारत में कृ नष के बढ़ते हए महहलाकरण को प्रे रत कर रहे हैं।) 2014

Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments. (क्ा कारण है हक भारत के कु छ अत्यसधक समृधि प्देिो में मह ं हलाओ के ल ं लए प्नतकू ल स्ती-पुरूष अनुपात है? अपने तक्भ पेि कीजजए।) 2014

Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization free from gender bias. Comment. (“महहला सं गठनो को ल ं लग-भेद से मु ं ति करने के ललए पुरुषो की सद ं स्ता को बढ़ावा गमलना चाहहए।” हिप्पणी कीजजए।) 2013

Urbanization

How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption ? (उपभोतिा संस्ृ नत के नविेष पररप्ेक् में नव मध्वग्भ के उभार से िीयर 2 िहरो का ं नवकास हकस तरह सम्स्नत है ?) 2022

What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India? भारत के प्मुख िहरो में आई. ं िी. उद्योगो के ं नवकास से उत्पन्न होने वाले मुख्ा सामाजजक-आर्थिक प्भाव क्ा हैं? 2021

Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. (भारत में दिलक्ीय नगरो ज ं जनमे हैदराबाद एवं पुणे जैसे स्ाि्भ ससिीज भी सस्म्ललत हैं, में व्यापक बाढ़ के कारन बताइए । स्ायी ननराकरण के उपाय भी सुजाइए।) 2020

How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India? (दक् और हकफायती (अफोडदेबल) िहरी साव्भजननक पररवहन हकस प्कार भारत के द्रत आर्थिक ु नवकास की कुं जी है?) 2019

“The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system.” How can it be made effective in urban areas? (”भारत में अवक्यी (हडप्लीहिंग) भौम जल सं साधनो का आद ं ि्भ समाधान जल सं रक्ण प्णाली है।” िहरी क्ेत्रो में इसको ं हकस प्कार प्भावी बनाया जा सकता है ?) 2018

The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues employment but has also created new problems. Substantiate this statement with examples. Urbanization (“सूचना प्ौद्योगगकी के न्द्रो के रूप में ं नगरो की सं वृ ं गधि ने रोज़गार के नए माग्भ खोल हदए हैं, परन् सा ु थि में नई समस्ाएँ भी पैदा कर दी हैं ।” उदाहरणो सह ं हत इस कथिन की पुनटि कीजजए।) 2017

With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme’. (भारत में नगरीय जीवन की गुणता की सं शक्प्त पृष्ठभूगम के साथि, ‘स्ाि्भ नगर काय्भरिम’ के उद्ेश्य और रणनीनत बताइए।) 2016

Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss. (भारत के प्मुख नगर बाढ़ दिाओ से अ ं सधक असुरशक्त होते जा रहे हैं। नववेचना कीजजए।) 2016

Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so? (मुं बई, हदल्ी और कोलकाता देि के तीन नवराि नगर हैं, परंतु हदल्ी में वायु प्दूषण, अन् दो नगरो की तुलना में कही ं अ ं सधक गंभीर समस्ा है। इसका क्ा कारण है?) 2015

Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration. (‘भारत में स्ाि्भ नगर स्ाि्भ गाँवो के ं नबना जीनवत नही रह सकते हैं।’ ं ग्रामीण-नगरीय एकीकरण की पृष्ठभूगम में इस कथिन पर चचा्भ कीजजये।) 2015

Discussion the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in India. ( भारत में तीव्र िहरीकरण प्हरिया ने जजन नवशभन्न सामाजजक समस्ाओ को ज ं न् हदया, उनकी नववेचना कीजजए।) 2013

Current Issues on Role of Women and Women Related Organisation

Current Issues on Role of Women and Women Related Organisation

Sexual Harassment, Violence against Women, Reprodutive Health etc.

Issues with Adolescent Girls, Education, GER etc

Women’s representation in Professional Institutions

Factors Affecting Women’s Participation

Gender Equity, Equality, Menace of Patriarchy.

Women and their position in society, Child Marriage, Prostitution, Triple Talaq etc

Dowry

Women Empowerment

Role of Women’s Organisation in Empowerment, SHGs, NGOs etc.

Womens Health

Position of Women in the Globalised society, their international situation

Various Post-independence Legislative that Have Been Passed for Empowering Women Are

Issues Relating Women

Demographic Profile of Women

Govt Response

Mo WCD

PM’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment (POSHAN) Abhiyan

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana

Integrated Child Development

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme Features :

Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana

Population, Poverty and Urbanisation Related Issues April 2019 Onwards

World population Growth

Population of India

Issue of Internal and External Migration

Poverty and Population linkages

Poverty and Hunger

Municipality Issues viz Sanitation, Governance.

Right to City, Issue of Slums etc.

Cleanliness

Food and Nutrition in Cities

Smart Cities

Ease of Living in Urban areas

NFHS Survey reports

Other Issues

PYQ : Role of Women, Population, Urbanisation

Women PYQ

Poverty, Population, Dev Related issues PYQ

Answers