Human Geography

2020-01-28 22:54:19

Cereals
- occupy 54% of cropped area in India and the 3rd largest producer after China and USA
- further classified into coarse grain eg jowar, barjra, maize, ragi and fine grain eg rice and wheat.
Rice :
- there are 3000 varieties of it, grown 0 to 2000mt altitude.
- In WB 3 crops are grown are know as aus, aman and boro.
- Grown in all 3 seasons in WB and southern states and only in Kharif in northern areas.
- it was introduced in 1970s in Punjab and Har.
- The yield is low in rainfed areas of MP, Chhatt and Odisha.
Wheat :
- 2nd most imp cereal crop, primarly sown in temperate zones.
- It produces 11.7% of total worlds rice North IN has more than 85% of total ar in Gangetic plain, Malwa plateau and Himalayas, gorwin up to 2700m altitude.
- Yield high in 4000kg/ha in Pun and Har
Jowar :
- Occupies 16.5% of total cropped area in country, Maha produces the most,
- Sown in both Kharif and rabi seasons as rainfed in southern states but is a Kharif crop in North India.
Bajra :
- sown in hot and dry climatic conditions, occupies 5.2% total cropping area major producers are MAH, Guj, UP, Raj.
- Rainfed crop, yield has increased recently due to resistant varieties.
Maize :
- is a food as well as fodder corp,
- gown in semi arid climates and inferior soils occupies 3.6% of total cropped area sown all over except Punjab and Eastern and North Eastern regions.
Pulses :
- are legume crops that inc fertility of soils,
- IN is leading producer of pulses.
- concentrated in drylands of Deccan and Central Plateau and nothewestern parts.
- 11% of total cropped area. Rainfed crop - yield fluctuates , Gram and Tur are main examples.
- Gram :
  - cultivated in subtropical areas,
  - mostly rainfed cultivated during rabi season in central, western and non western parts.
  - was displaecd by Wheat after green rev in Pun and Har.
  - MP, UP and Mah are leading producer.
  - covers 2.8% of total cropped ar.
- Tur/ Arhar :
  - 2nd most imp pulse crop aka red gram/ pigeon pea,
  - rainfed in southern and central regions,
  - 2% of TCA Mah is largest producer.
Oilseeds :
- produced for extracting edible oils,
- Malwa, Marathawad, Guj, Raj are major producing area occupies 14% of TCA, Groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, soyabean etc are grown.
- Groundnut :
  - produces about 15% of total in world, largely a rainfed Kharif crop of drylands, 3.6% of TCA Guj, Raj, TN.
  - Tel are leading producer.
  - yield is high only in TN due to it being irrigated elsewhere it is low.
- Rapeseed and Mustard :
  - ex rai, sarson, toria and taramira are sub tropical crops cultivated during rabi season are frost sensitive occupy 2.5% of TCA yields are high in Har and Raj.
- Other Oilseeds :
  - that are grown are soyabean and sunflower.
  - soyabean is mostly grown in MP and Maha 90%, Sunflower is grown in Ktaka, AP, Tel is a minor crop in north but its yield is high.
Fibre Crops : Cotton and jute are 2 main fibre in IN.
Cotton :
- Accreage has considerably increased in last 50yrs.
- It grows both short staple and long staple called ‘narma’.
- It required clear sky during flowering stage.
- Occupies 4.7% of TCA and IN is 2nd largest producer.
- 3 main areas are Pun, Har and north Raj in NW and Ktaka and TN in south.
- The yield is high in areas of Guj Mah and Tel in where it is under irrigation.
Jute :
- Cash crop in WB and adjoining easter parts of country .
- IN produces 60% of total world production.
- Bihar and Assam are other areas to produce covers 0.5% of TCA.
Sugarcane :
- tropical crop under rainfed conditions in sub humid and humid conditions largely an irrigated crop.