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NIS - Modern Architecture(Not Important for Optional)

NIS - Modern Architecture(Not Important for Optional)

Section titled “NIS - Modern Architecture(Not Important for Optional)”

2020-05-09 23:15:20

Portuguese Influence -

  • Portuguese brought with them the Iberian style of architecture
  • also introduced the concept of ‘patio houses’ and ‘Baroque style’ in churches
  • had an elaborate and detailed theatrical design giving it a dramatic effect.
  • Sé Cathedral in Goa - has a large golden bell was made in late-Gothic style.
  • Basilica of Bom Jesus in Goa - world heritage site made in baroque style made in 1604.
  • Other buildings were Castella de Aguanda in Mumbai, St Pauls Church in Diu, Diu Fort built in 1535 AD.

French Influence -

  • seen in places like Chandernagore and Pondicherry
  • built using the Cartesian grid plans and scientific architectural designs
  • introduced the concept of anonymous architecture which involves simple facade without much ornamentation

British Influence :

  • Brought the Gothic style merged with Indian architecture forming the Indo Gothic style.
  • Post 1911 style was known as Neo Roman architecture Indo Gothic style -
  • aka Victorian Style is a blend of Indian, Persian and Gothic styles.
  • constructions were extremely large and elaborate in their execution
  • walls were thinner than in the Indo-Islamic constructions
  • arches were pointed, unlike the curving arches of Indo-Islamic era.
  • use of large windows
  • churches had a crucified ground plan
  • adhered to advanced structural engineering standards of Britain. Use of steel, iron and concrete.

Neo-Roman Style -

  • Post 1911. Pioneers were Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker.
  • constructions were anonymous and without any interesting features
  • confluence of all styles of architecture made it congested not showing artistic expression.
  • focus on circular buildings.
  • overuse of oriental motifs
  • concept of upturned dome as shown in Supreme Court and Rashtrapati Bhavan.

Bengal School of Art :

  • started with Abanindranath Tagore from his Arabian night series. He is also known for his Bharat Mata painting.
  • Tried to incorporate swadeshi values and reduce western influence, Chinese and Japanese calligraphic traditions into his style
  • Other famous painter was Nadlal Bose, Rabindranath Tagore.

Folk Paintings :

Madhubani Paintings (GI tagged) -

  • religious themes are depicted, paintings are also symbolic and depicts auspicious occassions
  • Flowers, animals, trees etc are used to fill any gaps.
  • rice paste, cow dung etc were traditionally used.
  • paintings are 2 dimensional having a double lined border.

Pattachitra -

  • traditional painting of Odisha, brush and not pencil is used for outlines. It is coated of lacquer to give a glossy finish.
  • Themes are inspured from Jagannath and Vaishnava cult.
  • Pattachitra made on palm leaf is known as talapattachitra.

Patua Art -

  • art of Bengal especially Midnapur district, themes on religious stories.

Kalighat Painting -

  • Popular in 19th century, done by rural migrants.
  • Watercolours were used.
  • Among the first to express subaltern sentiments and address customers directly.

Paitkar Painting -

  • tribal people of Jharkhand are scroll paintings.
  • Culturally associated with Ma Mansa goddesses.
  • Theme is life after death.

Kalamkari Paintings -

  • pen is made of sharp pointed bamboo, base is cotton fabric and colour used is vegetable dyes.
  • Done in Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh.

Warli Paintings -

  • Gujarat-Maharashtra Border, goes back to 2500-3000BC and closely resemble Bhimbetka ones.
  • paintings are ritualistic and used geometric designs.
  • use of gum and rice powder as colour.

Thangka Painting -

  • States of Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh region and Arunachal Pradesh made by Buddhist monks.

Manjusha Paintings -

  • belongs to Bhagalpur region of Bihar also known as angika art.
  • made on jute and is also called snake painting.

Phad Painting -

  • found in Rajasthan and is a scroll-type art.
  • Themes depict local dieties are done on cloths called phad.

Cheriyal Scroll paintings -

  • Indigenous to Telangana state, it is type of Nakashi art
  • made by Balladeer community
  • themes are religious and are huge in size.

Pithora Paintings -

  • tribal communities of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Horses are commonly depicted.

Saura Paintings -

  • Saura tribe of Odisha and are similar to Warli paintings.
  • a wall mural painting and is ritualistic