Location of Industries in India and the World ( Notes from Vision and Mrunal )

2020-07-14 17:15:40

Location of Industries in India and the World ( Notes from Vision and Mrunal )
Iron and Steel

Timber, Paper and Pulp Industry

RM are forests/trees
River near it helps in transportation, clean water for production
Commercial lumbering - in Ontario, Quebec in Canada
- Softwood easy chop, forests concentrated
- Snow helps dec friction and faster movt, road connectivity is deep
- Labour inc during winter due to dec in agri activities, mechanisation is high
- Ready-made market in USA
- Cheap hydroelectricity due to more rivers, better connected/all-weather power grids
Challenge in Tropical areas
- Scattered trees, dense vegetation makes transport difficult, high extraction cost, hardwood
- Sparse settlement away from market
- Lax regulation, weak organisation
In Britain areas near Thames, Manchester
Scandinavian countries like Finland, Denmark
Malaysia, Phillipines - Australia, Japan but hardwood
Myanmar, Thailand
South Gujarat, Odisha, MP near raw material Softwood and Bamboo
Kolkata, Lucknow near market, cheap labour, electricity, coal, water etc available

Commercial Fishing Industry

Located in middle - higher latitudes in Northern hemisphere due to plankton availability, cool water, better sunlight
Where cold and hot currents meet ex Gulf stream and Labrador
Market is readily available especial in Asian countries Japan, China etc, used for fish oils, waxes, medicinal purposes, religious/cultural reasons
Indented/zig zag coastline has many fishing sites
Cool climate more people switch to fishing, helps preservation
Dogger bank, great fisher bank in North Europe, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland in Canada etc
Asian coastline not indented very smooth, narrow continental shelves, low capital investment in technology/equipment, variety of fished make large scale fishing difficult, high oil content
Southern hem demand for dairy more
Norway and Japan fishing nation
West Coastline more indented, wide, continent shelf, more fishes, prawn and mackerel found in abundance

Cotton Textile Industry

Cotton - Yarn has no weight loss thus proximity to raw material not imp, water required for dyeing, bleaching
Energy for power looms, cheap labour, availability of fin
Dry climate thread breaks during spinning not in humid - coastal areas favourable or use humidifiers
Osaka, JP is Manchester of Japan
- Black lava soil, near port
- Humid , hydel power
- railway Jn, near Yodo river
- Capital available,
- skill and automation, market in US, JP
Mumbai called Cottonopolis of India
- Black soil, port, humid, good transportation
- Mithi river nearby, finance centre - more capital
- Cheap, abundant labour
Textile Industry in Ahmedabad (Manchester of India) in Gujarat near Sabarmati river, large market, import of yarn from Mumbai, thermal plant
Coimbatore in TN Pykara Hydel project, Noyyal river, demand in southern states
Manchester & Lancashire industry :
- Moist westerlies, cheap cotton from colonies, Liverpool port, Manchester Ship canal
- Water hydro power from Pennine hills, later used coal
- Industrialisation, demand in Europe
- Decline due to WW2, loss of colonies, competition from other countries China, SE Asia, Japan etc
- Matured towards capital heavy industries viz shipbuilding, marine engineering etc
New England and 5 other NE states of USA - immigrant workers, coal from Appalachian region
and South Cotton - Carolina’s, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas : vast lands, slave labours - now mechanised, hydel power
Shanghai - Yangtze river

Wool Industry, Jute Industry

Australia, NZ, Argentina, RSA
Dry warmer climate better for production, large scale agriculture, sheep can survive in bad conditions
Rearing done in large scale - economies of scale,
Woollen textiles are located in colder countries not in AUS
India
- Raw material non-perishable, light, good quality wool from AUS, for producing carpets, blankets etc wool from NZ
- North India is big market, industries concentrated there
- Srinagar, Punjab, Jamnagar, Rajasthan located near RM
- Kanpur, Mumbai, Chennai away from RM
Jute in India
- 90% cultivation in Kolkata, energy from Raniganj and Jharia coal mines**, washing, bleaching and retting** from Hugly river, cheap labour, good banking facilites
- New machinery needed, wage rate hike, competition from synthetic packaging material, lack of marketing strategy
Linen made from Flax plant

Silk Industry of China, India and Karnataka

Was introduced in France but vanished after disease killed silkworms. But Lyon now is an imp fashion centre due to skilled labour
Silk easily transportable, non-perishable, non-bulky
Demand in industrialised countries
Was introduced in Virginia and Georgia but failed
Japan failed due to workers shifting to industrial sector for higher wages, better returns in other industries, women shifted to Jeans instead of Kimono
China produces 80% India 18%
China
- Lower Yangtze - mulberry silk
- Hybrid worms allows year wide rearing
- Abundant labour, combine sericulture with pisciculture
- Production via cooperative called Silk communes, govt support, upgradation of tech
India
- Mulberry silk produced in Karnataka, TN, AP. Non mulberry in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and NE
- Mulberry plants can be grown in any soil, can withstand draught
- Skilled labour not required, good side income, decline of Jute
- Sophisticated equipment not required, tribals, small farmers can do it
- Karnataka - good climate, soft water, Silk Board located
- Kanchipuram - tradition/cultural, river Vegavathi - soft water, good demand

Wheat Corn Industry in USA, China, Canada

Prairies in Canada
- Prairies good phosphorous content, suitable topography, flat terrain puts machinery to good use
- Large farm holdings, mechanised work, good connectivity, favourable policy of Canadian Wheat board
China
- Mild temperature, good rainfall, suitable for rice cultivation, multi cropping, Yangtze river
- Communist emphasis on Food crops
US Corn belt and livestock belt
- Central Ohio to Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Chernozem soil
- Corn has high yield per acre than wheat, helps fattening animals
- Subsidy from Federal gov,
India

Milk and Dairy Industry USA, Europe, New Zealand

Perishable, located near towns because of high demands viz in India
In New Zealand, Switzerland, Holland, Denmark - conversion to concentrated form - inc shelf life, efficient transportation
Auckland, Taranaki in NZ
- Perennial growth of grass, generational occupation, scientific breeding - use of vaccination, infra etc; govt policy - strict quality control, far from market - conc form
Europe - same as NZ
Non-existent in Africa - non conducive climate, tall grasslands lack nutrients affecting yield, mostly nomads like Masai - use non-scientific methods, lack of transport, gov instability, low demand
India

Meat Industry

US - Breeding in Wyoming, growth in Nebraska, Fattening in Iowa/(Chicago) Illinois
Now shifting towards East in Chicago towards the corn belt, ease of transportation, cattle-farm proximity
Pig rearing - can take place in variety climates, can survive anything, grazing land not required, breed rapidly, mature quickly in China, NZ, Denmark, US - corn belt
Poultry in India -
- Done almost everywhere due to readily available market, done in isolated/degraded/less irrigated land, feed required is less,

Vegetable, Fruit, Viticulture Industry

perishable, want for fresh goods, high value
California leading producer
- Mediterranean type climate, water from Sacramento river, Contra costa canal, mechanisation, cheap Mexican labour force for weeding, harvesting etc, transport infra
- ready market in Hollywood, silicon valley, high standard of living, diet conscious people, export to Japan
- Florida oranges turned into conc juice
Von Thunen Agro Land use Model
- Farmers near cities grow vegetable, fruits, milk. From faraway grow food grains, extremely far away rear sheeps/goat etc
- Profit P = Value of Produce V - [Production Expense E Transport Cost T]
- Away from city no of profitable options decrease for farmers
- Haryana, Agra (Dairy) Punjab (Wheat) and Jammu Sheep/Goar
- Does not apply to speciality crops like oranges, apples etc
Grape and Vines in Mediterranean
- Not too cold, plenty of sunshine, not require plenty of water have penetrating roots, chalk/limestone rich soil,
- skilled labour due to tradition, high density means personal care required
- Grapes are perishable - converted to Wine inc value with time,
- Ready wine market in France, Spain etc, GI indicated
Beer made from barley, Whiskey from Rye due to high gluten content, Rice wine in Asia
Viticulture in India -
- Himachal, Nashik, Bangalore
- Gov gives tax benefit to encourage wine industry
Desi/illegal liquor dens near slums
- RM like bad quality jaggery, rotten barley etc, logwood from forest provide energy, labour, proximity to market

Plantation

American P controlled by rich families built on slave labour, Asian P setup, financed, controlled by companies based on Europe, indentured labour from India, China
Types are
- Tree Crops : lifecycle 2 yrs, years to mature, remains productive for long period, ex oil palm, coconut, cocoa
- Field crops : less maintenance than tree crops, sugarcane, banana
- Annuals : single plantation, harvest every year, Cotton, jute, tobacco, groundnut better suited for small holders
Rubber, Cocoa have long gestation, large investment needed, need to absorb price shocks - not appropriate for small scale farmers
Cocoa Plantation
- Central and South America originally, Spanish brought to EUR then introduced to West Africa like Ghana
- Ghana aka Cocoa Triangle - warm wet climate, cheap labour to manually cut with machete, export to US, EUR
Remove pulp from fruit, cover in banana seed to ferment then sun dry it, roasted then either made powder or butter
India

Rubber Plantation in Malaysia, Kerala and South America

From latex of rubber trees, diluted with water add acid to coagulate rubber and form slabs, remove slabs to squeeze liquid, dried to become thin sheets
Malaysia
- Hot moist equatorial climate, immigrant labour for India China,
- research from Kuala Lumpur institute - new breeding and tapping methods,
- Gov policy for replanting to increase yield and Quality control regulate export
Kerala
- Travancore, Kozikode, Malabar, Kottayam
- Abundant moisture,
No more in South America
- Political instability, lack of tech improvements, estates confiscated by regimes - small scaling of industry

Sugar

Mills formed near farms, perishable, sugar form only 10% transportation is bulky
Sugar - sugar juice add lime and boil to form crystals, raw coarse brown sugar further refine, bagasse used as fodder, energy source, molasses to make ethanol
In refinery Brown sugar is further refined to form white sugar
India
- Western Maharashtra, Sangli, Solapur, Satara, Ahmednagar, Pune, Nasik
- UP - West UP, Terai, Meerut, Moradabad, Muzaffarnagar, Sitapur, Gorakhpur
  - Potash, lime in soil helps growth, upper Gangetic plain is rich and fertile
  - Use bagasse for energy, dense road network, migrant + abundant labour
- Coiambatore, Trichi in TN
- Chitradurga, Shimoga, Bijaipur, Belgaum, Bellary in Ktaka
- Hyderbad, Nizamabad in Andhra
Warm climate, non-fluctuating constant temp - near oceans
Black lava soil fertile and retains water
More conc in North India due shifting from Indigo to Sugarcane during British period
Ratooning is when root are left intact not extracted during harves
CubaSugar bowl of world
- Moderating influence of seas, calcareous fertile soil, American capital and market, EUR market, USSR support later and change of gov policy towards Communist/ Socialist countries
Sugar Beet extracted in Germany, France, Belgium

Tea

Need for skilled man power, grown in hill slopes so mechanisation not possible, done in high population density
RM - leaves, involves weight loss processing done in estate itself, very long winter and frost harms, stagnant water harmful
Black tea - sun dried - steam rolled - fermented - roasted. India and EUR
Green Tea - heated with steam not fermented used in JP, East Asia
London was centre of tea trade due to colonisation
Darjeeling Tea
- Growth due to loss of Tea monopoly over China trade in 1830, Indigo cropping in Bihar did not give good returns, Suez canal opening
- Morning fog, low temp gives high grade leaf, water from rivers like Tista, Mahananda, Himalayan snow melt, SW monsoon
- Good quantity of phosphorous+ potash gives special flavour, in hilly areas, large estates provide for labour, market provide for local+ foreign demand, proximity to Kolkata port
Tea grown in YangtzeKiang and Sikiang valleys in China
Other areas are SL, JP - red volcanic soil , Indonesia - ocean breeze and cheap supply of female labour

Coffee Plantation

Boston Tea Party, dec in tea supply, switch to coffee
Direct sunlight is harmful, sea mist in Yemen/Ethiopia is favourable, waterlogging is harmful, orographic rainfall in hilly slope is best condition
Mechanisation not possible in hilly slopes, secondary processing done in different/importing countries
Brazil - Sao Paolo
- Volcanic soil rich in potash, humus fertile, tall plants provide shade enrich soils, Brazilian mist keeps temp moderate
- Special railways for transport, labour is highly mobile, universal demand
Kerala
- Red soil best suited, Kozhikode, Palakkad, Malappuram, Kottayam
- NE slopes of the ghat, moderating effect of Lakshadweep sea, no direct sunlight, no waterlogging, moisture from sea, Kochi port

Iron and Coal Based Industries

Ore+ coke +limestone +heat = Pig Iron - processed - cast iron, wrought iron, steel etc
Iron ore, coking coal, limestone, energy and water are most imp factor
Near Forest - during medieval period
Near Coal field/mines - during Industrial Revolution, readily available labour and tech, iron ore is common find in such mines, cheaper to transport iron ore to coalfields
- Germany - Ruhr Valley, Saxony
- Britain - Lancashire, York Shire, South Wales
- US - Appalachian, Pennsylvania
- Australian - NSW
- China - Wuhan, Anshan, Chongqing
Near Coastal Region - rely on imported coal
- Japan - Steel industry in Osaka-Kobe
- India - Vizag, Ratnagiri, Mangalore
- Malaysia
- US - Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago
Bokaro (coal from here)- Rourkela (iron ore)
Tech - reduced pull factor
- Open hearth system - use scrap metal to make steel, reduced fuel consumption
- Oxygen Converterreduced coal/energy requirement
Labour, Location, Capital, Gov policy, Market

Automobile Industry

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Shipbuilding in Vishakhapatnam - due to steel from Kolkata, Vizag etc, road and railway connectivity

Aluminium Bauxite Refining, Smelting

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Zinc, Lead, Copper Refining Industry

Ore soaked in water mixed with oils to separate impurities weight loss - concentrated form is called blister copper
Blister copper 99% copper - electrolysis to remove impurities like gold, silver, lead and zinc

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Its By-products are used for making phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid
Challenges to Indian industries
- Lack tech to produce special copper alloys, downstream copper products, recovery of precious metals
- obsolete mining and smelting, demand and supply gap, ore is average quality
Lead and Zinc
- Ore - concentration - refining
- Significant weight loss - carried out near mining site !image missing

Natural Gas

Natural Gas refining, Pipelines and Phosphate, Potash, Guano Fertilizer industry

International pipeline projects are
- Iran-Pak-India
- Myanmar - Bangladesh - India
- Turkmenistan - Afghanistan - Pakistan - India

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Fertilizer Industry

Located near Natural gas source, methane is used to produce Ammonia - Haber’s process then used to make Urea etc, also Naptha

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Petroleum Refinery

Production and refining are 2 stages, RM factor not imp, no weight loss, Refineries can be set up near RM, Market, intermediate break of the bulk location
Other factors are Nationalisation, political instability especially in the Middle East, South America

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Synthetic Fibre

Cellulosic Fibres	True Synthetic	Mix of Both
hemp, linen, cotton, ramie, and sisal	Polyester, Nylon,	Rayon

Benzene is base material for most true synthetic fibre, non-bulky, non-perishable, hazardous to transport - located near petrochem industries
India it is led by Reliance through its Jamnagar refinery and textile unit production @ Dahej, Naroda, Vadodra and Gujarat

Https:// <www.mrunal.org> [[legy208.pdf]] - Manufacturing Industries

Iron and Steel

2020-07-17 13:45:11

factor	Vishveshwarya, Karnataka	Salem, TN
Iron ore	just 40kms away Baba Budan hills, in Chikmanglur.	Bailadila mines, Odishalocal iron ore also availablehas low phosphorous-sulfur content=>helps making special grade Iron and Steel.
Coal	Bhundiguda Manganese: Shimoga, Chitradurga just 50kms away	Either imported or brought from Jharkhand depending on price factor
Limestone	available within 50km radius	Birmitrapur
Energy	In early days, used charcoal from forest wood. now uses hydroelectric power from Sharawati and Mahatma Gandhi project	Mettur has both thermal and hydro projects
Water for cooling	Bhadra river	don’t know and too tired to google
Transport	located on main railway line of Biru-Shimoga.	Chennai port
Market	billets, rails, wheels alloy steel and sleepers for railways.	Salem steel is useful in TN’s automobile industry, elevators, lifts, coins, ceiling fans.Also caters Government mints (for making coins).
Trivia	In 1923 as private company “Mysore Iron and Steel”. Nationalized in ‘89	Started in 82. Location chosen due to political considerations.

factor	Rourkela, Odisha	Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Iron ore	Sundargarh, Keonjar District of Odisha within radius of ~70kms	Dugar, Chandrapur and Bastar Dalli-Rajhara range 80km away
Coal	Jharia, Telchar, Korba	Korba, Chhatisgarh (~225kms) Bokaro, Jharia (~720 kms) Raniganj, WB
Limestone	Birmitrapur	Nandini mines ~25 kms away Manganese from Balaghat (MP) + Bhandara (MH)
Manganese	Barajmda	Balaghat
Energy	Hirakud (just 150 kms away)	Korba Thermal station
Water for cooling	Bramani river reservoir on Mandira Dam (Sankh River)	Tandula Reservoir
Labour	cheap labor available.
Transport	Both connected to Kolkata Nagpur Railway
Market	provided special steel for ISRO’s launch vehicles Vijayenta tanks building Mathura refinery	itself uses steel to make rails, beams and other structural products.
Trivia	setup in ‘59, With help from West Germany	first Swadeshi steel plant with help of former USSR, 1959 Main location factor= Government policy to setup plant here, to remove backwardness of this region.

Factor	Durgapur, WB	Burnpur, WB
Iron ore	Singhbhum, Jharkhand Kendujhargah, Odisha Mayurbhanj, Odisha	Singhbhum, Jharkhand Mayurbhanj Odisha
Coal	Raniganj, WB Jharia, Jharkhand	Jharia, just ~130 kms away
Limestone	Birmitrapur, Odisha Managanese: Bonaigarh, Barbil in North Odisha	Sundargarh, Odisha, just ~300 kms
Energy	Damodar valley
Water for cooling	Damodar river
Labour	No shortage of cheap labour.
Transport	plant on the main railwayline between Delhi-Kolkata Navigable Canal from Durgapur to Hugli and Kolkata Port	good rail connectivity sea ports @Odisha + Kolkata
Market	pig iron, tools, alloys, light structural products	rails, galvanized steel, billets
Trivia	’64 with collaboration from UK	initially a private plant, nationalized in ‘72

Factor	TISCO, Jamshedpur	Bokaro, Jharkhand
Iron ore	Noamundi-Singhbhum, Jharkhand Mayurbhanj, Odisha Both within 100 kms radius	Noamundi in Jharkhand Kiriburu, Odisha
Coal	Jharia, Raniganj Both within <200 kms radius	Jharia Mines just 65 kms away
Limestone	Sundargh district, Odisha Maganese from Joda mines, Keonjhar, Odisha	dolomite from Palamau
Energy	Hydroelectricity from Damodar Valley corporation
Water for cooling	Via pipelines from Subarnarekha and Kharkhoi rivers	Damodar river
Labour	Abundant supply of Cheap labour from Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha and the tribal belt of Chhota-Nagpur platteau.
Transport	Railway connectivity to Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai	rail-water connectivity to Kolkata, just 300 kms away
Market	Secondary industries located in the region that use steel to manufacture machine tools, automobiles, agro-machines, tine-plates, wires etc. TELCO (Tata Engineering and Locomotive company) produces Consumer cars /SUVs like sumo, safari, indica, sierra etc. and heavy vehicles, including armored carriers for army.	sludge-slag from the plant provides raw material to Sindri fertilizer industry. produces crude steel and pig iron
Trivia	Setup in 1907, just two years after Lord Curzon partition Bengal. TISCO =Tata Iron and Steel company TISCO plant wasn’t setup by Jamshedji Tata but his son Sir Dorabji Tata Manganese is used for hardening steel.	with Soviet help in ‘72

MINERAL	TYPE	MINES	TOP PRODUCERS (STATES)	TOP PRODUCERS (COUNTRIES)
IRON ORE	Metallic (Ferrous)	Barabil–Koira Valley(Orissa) Bailadila Mine (Chattisgarh) Dalli-Rajhara(CH)–the largest mine in India	1. Odisha 2. Chattisgarh 3. Karnataka	1. China, 2. Australia, 3. Brazil 4. India
MANGANESE	Metallic (Ferrous)	Nagpur–Bhandara Region (Maharashtra) Gondite Mines (Orissa) Khondolite deposits (Orissa)	1. Odisha 2. Maharashtra	1. South Africa 2. Australia 3. China
CHROMITE	Metallic (Ferrous)	Sukinda Valley (Orissa) Hasan Region (Karnataka)	1. Odisha 2. Karnataka 3. Andhra Pradesh	1.South Africa 2.Kazakhstan 3.India
NICKEL	Metallic (Ferrous)	Sukinda Valley (Orissa) Singhbhum Region (Jharkhand)	1. Odisha 2. Jharkhand	1. Indonesia 2. Phillippines 3. Canada
COBALT	Metallic (Ferrous)	Singhbhum Region (Jharkhand) Kendujhar (Orissa) Tuensang (Nagaland)	1. Jharkhand 2. Odisha 3. Nagaland	1.Democratic Republic of Congo 2. China 3. Canada
BAUXITE	Metallic (Non-Ferrous)	Balangir(Orissa) Koraput (Orissa) Gumla(Jharkhand) Shahdol (Madhya Pradesh)	1. Odisha 2. Gujarat	1. Australia 2. China, 3. Brazil
COPPER	Metallic (Non-Ferrous)	Malanjkhand Belt (Madhya Pradesh) Khetri Belt (Rajasthan) Kho-Dariba (Rajasthan)	1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 3. Jharkhand	1. Chile 2. China 3. Peru
GOLD	Metallic (Non-Ferrous)	Kolar Gold Field (Karnataka) Hutti Gold Field (Karnataka) Ramagiri Mines (Andhra Pradesh) Sunarnarekha Sands (Jharkhand)	1. Karnataka 2. Jharkhand	1. China 2. USA 3. South Africa
SILVER	Metallic (Non-Ferrous)	Zawar Mines (Rajasthan) Tundoo Mines (Jharkhand) Kolar Gold Fields (Karnataka)	1. Rajasthan 2. Karnataka	1.Mexico 2. Peru 3. China
LEAD	Metallic (Non-ferrous)	Rampura Aghucha (Rajasthan) Sindesar Mines (Rajasthan)	1. Rajasthan 2. Andhra Pradesh 3. Madhya Pradesh	1. China 2. Australia 3. USA
TIN	Metallic (Non-Ferrous)	Dantewada (Chhattisgarh)	Chhattisgarh (only state in India)	1. China 2. Indonesia 3. Peru
MAGNESIUM	Metallic (Non-Ferrous)	Chalk Hills (Tamilnadu) Almora (Uttarakhand)	1. Tamil Nadu 2. Uttarakhand 3. Karnataka	1. China 2. Russia 3. Turkey
LIMESTONE	Non-Metallic	Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) Satna (Madhya Pradesh) Cuddapah (AP)	1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Rajasthan	1. China 2. USA 3. India
MICA	Non-Metallic	Gudur Mines (Andhra Pradesh) Aravalis (RaJasthan) Koderma (Jharkhand)	1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 3. Orissa	1. China 2. Russia
DOLOMITE	Non-Metallic	Bastar, Raigarh (Chhattisgarh) Birmitrapur (Orissa) Khammam Region (Aandhra Pradesh)	1. Chattisgarh 2. Andhra Pradesh	1. India
ASBESTOS	Non-Metallic	Pali (Rajasthan)–largest mine Cuddapah (Aandhra Pradesh)	1. Rajasthan 2. Andhra Pradesh 3. karnataka	1. Russia 2. China
KYANITE	Non-Metallic	Pavri Mines (Maharashtra)–Oldest kyanite mine in india Nawargaon Mines (Maharashtra)	1. Jharkhand 2. Maharashtra 3. Karnataka	1. USA 2. China 3. Japan
GYPSUM	Non-Metallic	Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer-Rajasthan	1. Rajasthan 2. Tamil Nadu 3. Gujarat	1. USA 2. China 3. Iran
DIAMOND	Non-Metallic	Majhgawan Panna Mines (Madhya Pradesh)–only active diamond mine in India	1. Madhya Pradesh–only diamond producing state	1. Russia 2. Bostwana 3. Democratic Republic of Congo
COAL	Non-Metallic (Energy)	Korba Coalfield, Birampur–Chhattisgarh Jharia Coalfield, Bokaro Coalfield, Girdih–(Jharkhand) Talcher field–(Orissa)Singaruli coalfields (Madhya Pradesh)	1. Jharkhand 2. Orissa 3. Chattisgarh	1. China 2. USA 3. India
PETROLEUM	Non-Metallic(Energy)	Lunej, Ankleshwar, Kalol–Gujarat Mumbai high–Maharashtra–largest oil field Digboi–Assam–Oldest oil filed in India	1. Maharastra 2. Gujarat	1. USA 2. Russia 3. Saudi Arabia
URANIUM	Atomic	Jaduguda mine (Jharkhand) Tummalapalle mine (Andhra Pradesh)–largest mine Domiasiat Mine (Meghalaya)	1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Jharkhand 3. Karnataka	1. Kazakhistan 2. Canada 3. Australia
THORIUM	Atomic		1. Kerala 2. Jharkhand 3. Bihar	1. Australia 2. USA 3. India