CA : Salient Features of Indian Society, Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society, Social Empowerment

CA : Salient Features of Indian Society, Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society, Social Empowerment

2019-04-28 06:17:48

• CA : Salient Features of Indian Society, Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society, Social Empowerment
  • Caste Related Issues
  • UCC
• Static - Salient Features of Indian Society
  • Characteristics
  • Features
    • Caste System
      • Changes in Caste System
        • Factors Affecting Changes
    • Religious Pluralism
    • Kinship Marriage and Family
      • Kinship
      • Marriage
      • Family in Indian Society
        • Characterstics
        • Types of Families
• Diversity of India
  • Factors Leading to Unity in Diversity
  • Factors that Threaten India’s Unity
• Static - Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society
• Static : Social Empowerment
  • Globalisation PYQ
• Indian Soceity PYQ
  • Answers

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Caste Related Issues

• Sub categorization of OBCs #committee constituted under Article 340 Chaired by retired Justice G. Rohini - to examine the extent of inequitable distribution of benefits.

• Socio Economic and Caste Census done by Mo Rural Dev data is used for ID beneficiaries for programs such as MGNREGA and NFSA. Was done after the failure of Tendulkar and Rangarajan methodology of creating a poverty line failed.

  • Uses parameter suggested by SR Hashim #committee. Has a list of automatic inclusion and exclusion. Last done in 2011.
  • 49% of households or 10.69 crore are deprived.
  • Census OTH done for calculating population under the Census Act 1948 and all its data are considered confidential not so w/ SECC.

UCC

• Uniform age of marriage for men and women. Right to equality and the right to live with dignity are violated, contributes to the stereotype that wives must be younger.

• Project SURE #scheme : by Textiles Ministry to reduce its carbon emissions, increase resource efficiency, tackle waste.

• NSO Time Use Survey #report to measure participation of men women in paid unpaid work, W spend less time on household w/ inc in age, men spend more.

  • 38.2% of person 6 yrs of age engaged in some form of emp
  • ==57.3% Males in employment, 18.4 % females==
  • in rural areas proportion of women engaged is 19.2% compared to 16.7% in urban NCRB annual crime in IN report.
  • inc in crimes against mem of SC ST.

Static - Salient Features of Indian Society

2020-06-18 18:44:49

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Characteristics

• Multi ethnic, Multilingual, Multiclass, Patriarchal
• Unity in diversity
• Traditionalism and Modernity coexists together
• So does spiritualism and materialism
• Balance b/w Individualism and collectivism
  • Individualism is belief in freedom, liberty, selfreliance
  • Collectivism is when group/community is prioritised over others

Features

Caste System

• homogenous community based on occupations, rigid in terms of social mobility. Its characteristics are :
• Segmental division of society/ social stratification
• Vertical hierarchy within castes
• Distinction and hierarchy based on birth
• Civil and religious disabilities to ‘lower caste’
• Endogamy -
• Untouchability

Changes in Caste System

• Upwards trend in Inter caste marriages
• Changing food habits
• Upwards social mobility of ‘lower castes’
• Changes in occupational patterns of caste

Factors Affecting Changes

• Sanskritisation
• Westernisation esp in education etc
• Modernisation viz rationalism, universalism etc
• Industrialisation and Urbanisation
• Democratic decentralisation
• Caste based politics
• Legislative measures

Religious Pluralism

• including animistic and naturistic elements being followed by tribal along with different variations of religions.

Kinship Marriage and Family

Kinship

• is relatives either by blood relation(affinal) or matrimonial relations(consanguineous).
• North India is mostly patrilineal and patrilocal with caste endogamy and village exogamy
• South India is mostly patrilineal and patrilocal but certain societies are matrilineal and matrilocal.

Marriage

• is a social institution
• Change from tradition of Dharma or duty to life-long companionship.
• Increase in divorce and desertion rates
• Increase in Live in relationships

Family in Indian Society

Characterstics

• Basic, definite, enduring group
• Durable companionship of husband and wife
• Smaller than other social groups

Types of Families

• On Basis of marriage - polygamous or monogamous
• Basis of residence - patrilocal, matrilocal, bilocal(changing residence alternatively), Neolocal (settling independent of their parents)
• Basis of size - nuclear or joint
• Basis of Authority - patriarchal and matriarchal
• Basis of descent - patrilineal and matrilineal

Diversity of India

2020-06-18 18:55:21

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• Various forms of diversity are Religious, Linguistic, Racial, Caste, Cultural and Geographic

Factors Leading to Unity in Diversity

• Single constitution / Constitutional identity : Const as a binding force for modern nations.
• Religious co-existence/tolerance and Inter religious disputes
• Interstate mobility
• Uniform law, administration etc
• Economic integration - freedom of trade, GST etc
• Various religious worship places
• Fairs and Festivals
• Sports and Cinemas
• Weather integration via the monsoon, also promoted extra regional integration.
• Diverse political leanings, political polarisation
• Unbalanced development/ Backwardness caused economic imbalance and diverse nature of Indian society.
• Geographic Isolation ex in North East, Ladakh, Leh, Desert regions
• Inter state conflict

Factors that Threaten India’s Unity

• Regionalism
• Divisive politics
• Developmental imbalance/ socio economic inequality
• Ethnic differentiation and nativism
• Geographic isolation
• Inter-religious conflict
• Inter-state conflict
• External factors/influencers

Static - Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society

2020-06-19 08:09:38

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• In places it leads to loss of jobs such as advent of Chinese and Korean silk led to loss of jobs for women in Bihar, big ships fishing in Indians seas led to job losses for women fish sorters, dryers etc.

• Economic dimensions of globalisation

  • Economic liberalisation of 1991
  • Transnational Corporations TNCs
  • Electronic economy
  • Knowledge economy
  • Globalisation of Finance

• Global Communication - internet, cell phones, landlines

• The labour for manufacturing moves to cheaper places constantly

• New career opportunities for educated youth in computers etc

• Political Globalisation

  • Decline of Socialist state
  • Inclusive and free policies of govt
  • Increase in multilateral governmental and non-governmental organisations

• Globalisation and culture

  • Glocalisation - Global + Local, seen in music industry, bollywood, food etc
  • Gender and Culture - globalisation is often used to restrict freedom of women by calling it against their culture
  • Culture of consumption
  • Corporate Culture
  • Threat to indigenous craft and literary tradition and knowledge system - through changing consumption habits, patenting traditional techniques

Static : Social Empowerment

2020-06-19 08:09:59

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• #todo ✅ 2023-02-08

https://www.drishtiias.com/images/pdf/IGNOU%20Social%20Empowerment.pdf

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• Gender, Religion and Caste Class 9 NCERT : https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/jess404.pdf
• [[Globalisation and Social Change NCERT.pdf]]
• [[Challenges of Cultural Diversity (Communalism etc).pdf]]

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Globalisation PYQ

’Globalization is generally said to promote cultural homogenization but due to this cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian Society. Elucidate.	2018
Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India. (2013, Asked about Globalization effect on Elderly)	2015
To what extent globalization has influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? Explain.	2016
Critically examine the effects of globalization on the aged population in India.	2013

Indian Soceity PYQ

2020-10-30 13:46:30

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Question	Year
The spirit tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present. Elaborate.	2017
In the context of diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint.	2017
Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity.	2015

Answers

1. Given the diversities among tribal communities in India, in which specific contexts should they be considered as a single category ? (भारत के जनजातीय समुदायो की ं नवनवधताओ को देखते ं हए हकस नवशिटि सन्भ्भ के अन्ग्भत उन्ें हकसी एकल रिेणी में माना जाना चाहहए ?) 2022

Answer

The question of whether tribal communities in India should be considered as a single category is a complex and nuanced one. The Indian government has historically categorized these communities under the Scheduled Tribe (ST) label, but there are still significant differences among these groups that should not be overlooked. Here are some points to consider:

• Salient features: According to one source, there are a few key features that can indicate whether a community is tribal, such as belief in superstitions, subsistence-based economies, and isolation from the broader community [1]. However, these traits are not necessarily universal or definitive, and many tribal communities have adapted to modern times in various ways.

• Cultural diversity: It’s important to recognize that there is a great deal of diversity among India’s tribal communities, and not all of them share the same beliefs, customs, or languages. For example, some may follow animistic religions or worship ancestors, while others may practice Hinduism or Christianity. Some may have a rich tradition of art or music, while others may be primarily known for their agricultural practices [2].

• Legal status: The Indian government has officially recognized certain communities as Scheduled Tribes, which gives them certain legal protections and benefits. However, this categorization is not always accurate or fair, and some communities may be excluded or misclassified. It’s important to consider the historical and political context behind these labels and the potential impact they may have on the communities themselves [3].

Overall, it’s clear that there is no easy answer to the question of whether tribal communities in India should be considered as a single category. While there may be some commonalities among these groups, it’s important to recognize and respect their diversity and individuality. Any categorization or policy decision should be made with sensitivity and input from the affected communities themselves.

1. Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism ? Justify your answer. (क्ा सहहष्णुता, सस्म्लन एवं बहलता मुख् तत्त्व हैं जो धम्भननरपेक्ता के भारतीय रूप का ननमा्भण करते हैं ? तक्भ सं= गत उत्र दें।) 2022

Answer

1. Analyse the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion. (भारतीय समाज में जानत, क्त्र त े थिा धम्भ के समानांतर ‘पंथि’ की नविेषता की नववेचना कीजजए।) 2022

Answer

1. Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems. (मुख्धारा के ज्ान और सांस्ृ नतक प्णाललयो की तुलना में आ ं हदवासी ज्ान प्णाली की नवशिटिता की जांच कीजजए।) 2021

Answer

1. How does Indian society maintain continuity in traditional social values? Enumerate the changes taking place in it. (भारत समाज पारम्पररक सामाजजक मूलो में न ं नरंतरता कै से बनाए रखता है ? इनमें होने वाले पररवत्भनो का ं नववरण दीजजए। 2021

Answer

1. Has caste lost its relevance in understanding the multi-cultural Indian Society? Elaborate your answer with illustrations. (बह-सांस्ृ नतक भारतीय समाज को समझने में क्ा जाती की प्ासं गगकता समाप्त हो गई है? उदाहरो सह ं हत नवस्तृत उत्र दीजजए।) 2020

Answer

1. Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer. (क्ा भारत में नवनवधता एवं बहलवाद वैश्ीकरण के कारण सं कि में है? औचचत्यपूण्भ उत्र दीजजए।) 2020

Answer

1. Do you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence of rising cultural assertiveness? Argue. (क्ा आप सहमत है की भारत में क्ेत्रीयता बढ़ती हई सांस्ृ नतक मुखरता का पररणाम परतीत होती है? तक्भ कीजजए।) 2020

Answer

1. Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. Do you agree? (रीती-ररवाजो एवं परम्पराओ द् ं ारा तक्भ को दबाने से प्गनतनवरोध उत्न्न हआ है। क्ा आप इससे सहमत हैं ?) 2020

Answer

1. What makes Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss. (क्ा बात है जो भारतीय समाज को अपनी सं स्ृ नत को जीनवत रखने में अहद्तीय बना देती है ? चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2019

Answer

1. What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism. (धम्भननरपेक्ता के नाम पर हमारी सांस्ृ नतक प्थिाओ के सामने क् ं ा-क्ा चुनौनतयां हैं ?) 2019

Answer

1. Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with examples. (क्ा हमारे राटिट् में सव्भत्र लघु भारत के सांस्ृ नतक क्त्र हैं ? उदाहरणो े के सा ं थि सनवस्तार स्पटि कीजजए।) 2019

Answer

1. “Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot be eradicated in India.” Comment. (“जानत व्यवस्ा नई-नई पहचानो और सहचारी रूपो ं को धारण कर रही है । अतः, भारत में जा ं नत व्यवस्ा का उन्लन नही ू ं हकया जा सकता है।” हिप्पणी कीजजये।) 2018

Answer

1. How the Indian concept of secularism is different from the western model of secularism? Discuss. (धम्भननरपेक्तावाद की भारतीय सं कपिना, धम्भननरपेक्तावाद के पाचिात्य माडल से हकन-हकन बातो में ं शभन्न है? चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2018

Answer

1. ‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation. Argue by giving suitable illustrations. (‘सांप्दाययकता या तो िक्ति सं घष्भ के कारण उभर कर आती है या आपेशक्क बं चन के कारण उभरती है ।’ उपयुति उदाहरणो को ं प्स्तुत करते हए तक्भ दीजजए।) 2018

Answer

1. The spirit tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present. Elaborate. (सहहष्णुता एवं प्म की भावना न े के वल अनत प्ाचीन समय से ही भारतीय समाज का एक रोचक अशभलक्ण रही है, अनपतु वत्भमान में भी यह एक महत्त्वपूण्भ भूगमका ननभा रही है । सनवस्तार स्पटि कीजजए।) 2017

Answer

1. Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent India. (स्तंत्र भारत में धार्मकता हकस प्कार साम्प्रदाययकता में रूपांतररत हो गई, इसका एक उदाहरण प्स्तुत करते हए धार्मकता एवं साम्प्रदाययकता के मध् नवभेदन कीजजए।) 2017

Answer

1. In the context of diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint. (भारत की नवनवधता के सं दभ्भ में, क्ा यह कहा जा सकता है हक राज्यो की अपेक् ं ा प्देि सांस्ृ नतक इकाइयो को रूप ं प्दान करते हैं ? अपने दृनटिकोण के ललए उदाहरणो सह ं हत कारण बताइए।) 2017

Answer

1. What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence, addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs)? (स्तंत्रता के बाद अनुसूचचत जनजानतयो (एस. ं िी.) के प्नत भेदभाव को दूर करने के ललए, राज्य द्ारा की गई दो मुख् नवसधक पहलें क्ा हैं ?) 2017

Answer

1. Has the formation of linguistic States strengthened the cause of Indian Unity? (क्ा भाषाई राज्यो के ं गठन ने भारतीय एकता के उद्ेश्य को मजबूती प्दान की है?) 2016

Answer

1. Why are the tribals in India referred to as the Scheduled Tribes? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment. (क्ा कारण है हक भारत में जनजानतयो को ‘अनुसूच ं चत जनजानतयाँ’ कहा जाता है? भारत के सं नवधान में प्नतष्ठानपत उनके उत्ापन के ललए प्मुख प्ावधानो को सूच ं चत कीजजए।) 2016

Answer

1. What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer. (प्ादेशिकता का क्ा आधार है? क्ा ऐसा प्ादेशिक स्तर पर नवकास के लाभो के असमान ं नवतरण से हआ, जजसने हक अंततः प्ादेशिकता को बढ़ावा हदया? अपने उत्र को पुटि कीजजए।) 2016

Answer

1. Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate. (अपसारी उपगामो और रणनी ं नतयो के होने ं के बावजूद, महात्मा गाँधी और डॉ- बी- आर- अम्डकर का दल े लतो की बेहतरी का एक समान ल ं क् थिा। स्पटि कीजजये।) 2015

Answer

1. Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity. (भारत में नवनवधता के हकन्ी चार सांस् ं ृ नतक तत्वो का व ं ण्भन कीजजये और एक राटिट्ीय पहचान के ननमा्भण म उनके आपेशक्क महत्व का मूल ननधा्भरण कीजजये।) 2015

Answer

1. Debate the issue of whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste. (इस मुद्े पर चचा्भ कीजजये हक क्ा और हकस प्कार दललत प्ाख्ान (ऐसि्भन) के समकालीन आंदोलन जानत नवनाि की हदिा में काय्भ करते हैं।) 2015

Answer

1. How do the Indian debates on secularism differ from the debates in the West? (धम्भननपेक्ता पर भारतीय वाद-नववाद, पजचिम में वाद-नववादो से ं हकस प्कार शभन्न है?) 2014

Answer

1. Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in the generation of demand for a separate state. Discuss. (प्ादेशिकता की बढ़ती हई भावना, पृथिक राज्य की माँग का प्मुख कारण है। नववेचना कीजजए।) 2013

Answer