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CA : Effects of Foreign Countries Policies

CA : Effects of Foreign Countries Policies

Section titled “CA : Effects of Foreign Countries Policies”

2019-05-15 18:28 :32

Palestine

Section titled “Palestine”
  • India was relected to Human Rights Council for 2022-2024.
  • India voted in favour of Israel at ECOSOC, India abstained from resolution calling for investigation into Israeli actions in Gaza strip.
  • IN has been historical supporter of Palestine. India was first Non Arab state to recognise Palestine Liberation Org PLO as sole and legitimate rep of Palestinian people.
  • Evolution of Indian stance on Palestine
    1. 1948 - 1992 : 1948 IN only non Arab country to vote against partition of Palestine. 1975 IN only country to recognise PLO as sole rep of Palestinian people and granted recognition of independent state of PAL
    2. Post 1992 : USSR Broke up, Gulf War 1990 saw normalisation of relation with ISR
    3. Till 2017: IN supported Palestinian cause for negotiated settlement or 2 state solution
    4. Post 2017 : IN dropped reference of East Jerusalem and borders of Palestine

United States

Section titled “United States”
  • H-1B, H-2B, L1, O1 and E1 are different types of visas given by US based on qualification required and area for which workers were sought.
  • COMPETS Act by US proposes to open new perspective for talented people. Act aims to strengthen supply chain and revive growth and innovation in country to surpass China.
  • Global Health Strategy US to detect respond to health security concerns before it becomes worldwide or deadly
  • US China tariff war
    • CN $375bill +ve, US Electronic industry major affect.
    • Trade from EU, India to increase, short term effect stock market tanking,
    • weaken global growth, global trading sentiments affected,
    • risk assets change, trading fragmented
  • US remove GSP preference to IN
    • GSP was duty free exports
    • IN trade surplus w/ US, $5bn worth goods under GSP,
    • more competitive export products, profit margin, increase market share.
    • No reciprocity from India, sanction on US agri products, stringent FDI.
  • US currency monitoring watchlist IN SWZ removed fr having questionable Forex policy & currency manipulatn dents confidence in Fin markets, Current account surplus 2% GDP and trade surplus $20bil, IN relaxing tariff norm for US coys (Harley D.)
  • US social media usernames VISA application, affect 1mil IN citizens curb/selective immigration. Concern : mass surveillance possible, privacy violated and arbitrariness in VISA giving inc, freedom of speech stifled.
  • Fairness of High Skilled Immigrants Act 2019 of US lift per country cap from 7% to 15% on issuing green card which is now merit based earlier was mainly family based, point system work ex language education
  • New START (Strategic Arms reduction #treaty ) b/w US-RUS for nuke disarmament (to last 10yr + 5 renew) Prague 2010 to replace earlier SORT. START : Within 7yr decrease no of launchers (deployed+ non deployed) to 1/2 including SLBM ICBM, new verification and inspection regime, limit deployed warheads
  • US senate bill IN at part w NATO ally par w ISR SKR aka National Defence Authorisation Act NDAA, increased US IN defence coop counter piracy counter terror.
  • Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA) Iran + US, UK, GER, RUS, FR, CN aka P5+1 cut its stores of centrifuges, enriched uranium and heavy-water, established the Joint Commission monitor, not address Iran’s support for groups the U.S. considers terrorists, doesn’t curb Iran’s development of ballistic missiles and that the deal phases out by 2030
  • US has launched Space Command ensure that America’s dominance US Space Force to compound the organisational challenges facing the U.S. armed service undercut ongoing missions and increase budgetary allocation
  • US officially labels China a currency manipulator, has put IN in this list will harm global fin reputation, IN has $20bil surplus 2% GDP.
  • CAATSA - Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act can put sanctions for S400 purchase.
  • IR US tension implication on IN : rising oil prices; affect Chabahar Port and Int North South Transport Corridor, Induction of IR into SCO could make it an anti-American block IN is also a mem of it.
    • Int North South Corridor - is ship, rail and road route connects IN, IR, AFG, AZB, Central Asia, RUS, Europe; in sync w/ Ashgabat agreement, will cut down transit costs
  • US to exit Paris agreement; each country pledged a targeted action plan, rich and dev ones will provide fin and tech support.
  • US does not think ISR settlements in West Bank violates int law was captured by Jordan 1st in 1948 Arab-Israeli war got back in Six Day War of 1967. Settlements violate 4th Geneva Convention of transferring citizen into occupied territory.
  • US senate brought in a resolution to end communication restriction in J&K it does not have the force of law but will attract attention from other countries.
  • US National Defence Authorisatoin Act 2020 estd the Space Force becomes 6th branch to Armed Forces aim to sercure and extend US dominance
  • Significance of US withdrawal from AFG - access to oil mineral rich Central Asia, inc influence through more foreign aid.
  • United States Trade Representative (USTR) has removed India from developing country list easy for US to impose countervailing duties CVDs on goods. #report
  • Crude oil West Texas Intermediate price below zero due to too much supply and low demand. WTI, Brent Crude and Dubai crude are benchmarks for crude oil. #PrelimsPYQ
  • United States Trade Representative (USTR) : Annual Special 301 #report identify countries to put trade barriers to US coys. IN under Priority watch list lack of adequate IPRs. Concerns :
    • inadequate copyright laws, outdated trade secrets framework, transparency on sharing of info, high customs on medical devices
    • Annual #Report 2020 : trade restrictive policy hampered relations, Make in IN worsened it, mini trade deals instead of GSP.
  • US withdrawal from WHO : loss $450 mil in funding, will lose voting rights and access to its services
  • US order to bar federal agencies hiring H1B visa holders. Shortage of STEM skills in US.
  • US policy towards the INDO Pacific : maintain its strategic primacy, promote liberal economic order, stop CN illiberal influence
  • Visiting Force Agreement - Phillipines and USA.
  • Great Depression Oct 24 1929 day is called Black Thursday.
  • U.S has withdrawn from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. 1987 arms control agreement eliminate ==within three years all ground-launched-missiles of 500-5, 500 km range==. Only tactical nuclear weapons (TNW) or short-range missiles would remain. Russia also withdrew.
  • US accused India and China to engage in unfair trade practice issue with the” developing country” status.
  • IN-US relations
    • Negatives - No blanket cover on CAATSA sanctions, revoked GSP for IN
    • Positive - mil info sharing through GSOMIA, LEMOA, COMCASA, BECA; STA 1 strategic trade authorisation for quick procurement, QUAD arrangement
  • Selective Multilateralism : by US it is building small groups and setting up military and security mechanisms aka Group is [[11.1 Post War Foundation - NATO and European Community#^f9d348 |Council of EU]] renewed focus on Indo-Pacific strategy : have long term focus to uphold democracy, human rights, rule of law, promote rules based multilateralism, mitigate Covid effects.

Russia

Section titled “Russia”
  • Russia Ukraine War #important #mains :
    • India’s Reponse : based on independent response, national interest not on bloc politics.
      • Abstained from voting on all resolutions. Sent humanitarian assistance to Ukraine.
      • IN had good relations with both countries. Ex Military Coop w/ Russia and US.
      • Helped evacuate IN nationals/ Op Ganga -> Diplomatic Activisim
    • Impact of War on India :
      • Inc cost of oil, natural gas, Fertilisers (Urea) -> rise in global inflation coupled with inflation control stance of US Federal reserve.
      • IN pharma exports will be hit.
  • INSTEX payment mechanism being setup by RU to secure trade w/ IR and skirt US sanctions without relying on direct financial transactions.
  • IN-RUS Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement RELOS be signed.
  • Bilateral Logistics agreement w/ RUS RELOS.

Sri Lanka

Section titled “Sri Lanka”
  • Sri Lanka Crisis #important #mains :
    • SL defaulted on all its external debt repayments.
    • Causes : Forex reserves dropped due to economic mismanagement + high dependency on imports for essenetial items + tax cuts/ populist measure.
      • CN debt trap diplomacy. Easter Bombing dec tourism revenue.
      • Overnight ban on chemical fertilisers to make agri 100% organic.
      • War induced inflation.
    • Repercussion to IN : Cause refugee crisis, Chinese threat in IOR inc, Tamil rebels could rise again, threat to IN investment in SL.
    • Need : Focus on fundamental and macro variables (inflation, growth rate etc). Low Debt to GDP ratio. High Forex Reserves. Address structural issues, BoP issue etc.

Japan

Section titled “Japan”
  • India Japan Relation :
    • ![[Pasted image 20230111185139.png]]

Australia

Section titled “Australia”
  • ! Try to think in Political, Economic, Security & Cybersecurity, Tech and Defence dimension.
  • [[007 External Sector and Foreign Trade#Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement CECA and Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement CEPA |CECA]] b/w India and Australia. IN exports $4 bil and imports $8 bil. Investment and Infra fund created. ![[Pasted image 20230111194328.png]]
  • AUS points based visa policy : points are given on diff categories ranging from age to proficiency in English and work Ex. workers w/ skilled independent visa can work permanently anywhere in AUS. Criticism : relies of gov perception of what skills are valuable and what are not rather than views of the employers; eligibility criteria can be unpredictable.
  • Mutual Logistics Support Agreement (MLSA) #Treaty b/w India and Australia - 1st ever virtual bilateral summit
  • Quad countries IN AU JN US revived Nov 2017 made for unhindered marine trade & security proposed by Shinzo Abe in 2007 but AU pulled out, counter CN, common ground - democratic countries, open and free Indo-pacific trade, RUS also expressed its concern.
  • 17th largest trading partner of IN. IN - AUS Grains partnership for post harvest mgt.
  • Both joined Supply Chain Resilience Initiative along w/ Japan.
  • Challenges :
    • Geographical location is far.
    • IN not being part of NPT.
    • IN wants dairy and agriculture from AUS out of FTA.
    • Lack of joint/similar vision towards the Indo-Pacific.

UAE

Section titled “UAE”
  • Golden Card UAE permanent residence long visa wealthy/ talented investors entrepreneurs students teachers doctors, bring FDI,
  • UN non-binding resolution leave Chagos (Mauritius) : UK, leased Diego Garcia islandUS till 2036, partitioned Mauritius 3yr before independence 1968 forced, British overseas territory Colonial declaration 1960 right to self-decl for colonial people prevent absorbing territory
  • India - UAE CEPA ( Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) will reduce import duty subjected to IN products. ![[Pasted image 20230112122101.png]]

United Kingdom

Section titled “United Kingdom”
  • Windrush #scheme : commonwealth citizen their children settled UK before Jan1 1973 any national settled UK before 31dec 1988, named after ship brought Jamaican workers after WW2, denied British Citizenship services losing jobs deportation.
  • Stockholm Int Peace Research Insti (SIPRI) 2019 year book, nuclear stockpile decreased thanks US +RUS (90% all nukes) 9 nuke armed countries, counts deployed + other warheads. SIPRI estd 1966 independent int insti research conflict arms control disarmament. #report
  • UNGA examine option to End trade in goods used for capital punishment and torture.
    • IN opposes as death penalty by law there for rarest rare cases follow requisite procedural safeguard -may be attempt to place it on par with torture.
    • Against Capital punishment #mains : Error ridden 25%, undue influence of public opinion, unfairly targets poor and marginalised.
      • For : not arbitrary as comes out judicial process, implemented rarest of rare cases, constitutionally upheld, protect life by punishing those who take it.
    • UN aks UK to give back Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius, was detached from Mauritius 3 yrs before giving it independence. Diego Garcia hosts US mil base which also opposes UN decision. The ICJ hearings are not binding.
    • UK-IN Education +Research initiative : allow UK students to higher studies in IN, provides grants
  • BoBBLE - Bay of Bengal Boundary layer Experiment IN-UK joint project, examine impact of monsoon in BoB

Qatar

Section titled “Qatar”
  • QAT abolish Kafala system, migrant permission employers move out country Reasons : leads exploitation migrant worker modern day slavery forced labour, leads human trafficking condition, employer cancelling visa - deportation, again int laws, restricts labour mobility.
  • IN gets 90% of its natural gas from QAT.
  • QAT and KSA signed solidarity and stability deal taking it away from IR’s influence.

China

Section titled “China”
  • Protests in Hong Kong - ruled under One Country Two Systems :
  • HK Macau Special Administrative Regions can have different economic and political systems from that of mainland China.
  • While being part of the PRC 1984, the Sino-British Joint Declaration in Beijing.
  • 1987 China and Portugal signed the Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau defence and diplomacy would be decided by Beijing.
  • CN puts ==Uighurs==, Khazakhs and other muslims in intermittent camps claiming them to be educational centres. Han chinese have flooded the area, beijing says Uighurs have separatist tendencies in XinXiang.
  • Uighurs are ethnically Trukic. Culturally closer to Central Asian countries.
  • ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITGA) to review the FTA b/w them make it more user friendly, simple and facilitative for business : free trade area among ASEAN and IN came into force on 2010; setting timelines for eliminating duties on maximum number of goods traded. Need for review : trade deficit for IN widening, doubled to $10bil by 2017 from 2011, IN traders not exporting to ASEAN through FTA. #Report released - Findings : IN failed to take benefit, IN trade deficit increased since FTA was signed. Need : IN to improve manufacturing sector to benefit from FTA #Treaty
  • Nine Dash line is in South China.
  • South China Sea dispute : are contesting claims among various countries concerning ==Paracel, Spartly and Scarborough Shoal islands==. #MainsPYQ
    • Paracel claimed by : CN, TAI, VTE
    • Spratly by : CN, TAI, VTE, BRU, PHI
    • Scarborough Shoal : PHI, CN, TAI ![[Pasted image 20220413184714.png]]
  • Uyghurs are Turkic speaking Central and East Asian tribe.
  • Review of the policy of no first use : will not be the first to initiate a nuclear first strike enables New Delhi to keep the nuclear threshold high could give Beijing a chance to adopt a first strike policy damage India’s reputation as a responsible nuclear weapon state
**Belt and Road Initiative**


-   2nd Belt and Road Forum was held in Beijing. Prez Xi highlighted innovation, green investment, transparency, Slammed protectionism, reforms in IPR, Policy coordination, increase trade, access to foreign investment etc.
-   BRI will improve regional cooperation and connectivity, strengthening infrastructure, trade, investment. Will change infra, decrease travel time, promote policy reforms, increasing trade volume - more growth. why IN join? : demographic dividend over CN, become part new economic order end G7 domination, ADB finances BRI project no debt trap issue, robust infra energy transmission more manufacturing, hailed by int institutions eg IMF, transparency issue solved, Marshall Plan US too had strategic objective less strategic US  800 bases world
-   IN skip BRI sovereignty concerns + exclusion BCIM economic corridor project, other projects CPEC, CMEC etc. BCIM opens eastern market IN, tourism boost, pivotal Act East policy, improve infra, efficient movement good. Concerns : CN position on POK + Arunachal, terrorism, human trafficking, drugs trade, arms smuggling. Need : upgrade infra roads railways etc NE states, work IN-MYA-THA trilateral highway, BBIN project fast track, emphasize Act east policy, focus Kaladan project.
-   CPEC connects Gwadar in PAK to XinXiang in North Western CN passes through POK, will inc CN mil presence undermine IN influence. US warns that this will only benefit CN.

Saudi Arabia

Section titled “Saudi Arabia”
  • Houthis attack Saudi oil wells. Oil prices will go up — weakening of rupee, Saudi Arabia is 2nd largest exporter.
    • Saudi forces have attacked Yemen against Zaidi Shia Muslims/ Houthis to end Iranian influence in the region.
    • Houthis seized power in 2015 from President Hada who came to power during the Arab spring of 2011 replacing Abdullah Saleh.
  • G20 meeting recently held in Saudi Arabia 1st Arab country to host it

Israel

Section titled “Israel”
  • Oslo Accords 1993 - limited self-governance in parts of West Bank and Gaza strip and Abraham accord is between Israel and Palestine #Treaty . Oslo II Accrods exanded I added provisions for withdrawal of troops from certain west bank cities and time for Palestinian elections.
  • West Asia Peace Plan proposed by US give Israel Jerusalem and security control over Palestine. Envisages Palestine as an independent state. Israel Palestine crisis background.
    1. Jews started gathering in Palestine b/w 1882 and 1948 movt was called Aliyahs.
    2. 1917 Ottoman Empire fell and region came under Britain. Balfour declaration was passed to estd Jewish homeland there despite their being Arab majority.
    3. Holocaust during WW2 strengthened Jews demand for separate state.
    4. 1947 UN voted to split Palestine into Jewish and Arab state w/ Jerusalem becoming an international city.
    5. 1948 Britain moved out and Jews declaraed independence. Arab states invaded Israel but were defeated -> many Palestinians moving out aka Al Nakba or Catastrophe. Jordan captured West Bank and Egypt Gaza.
    6. UN has called West Bank being violative of 4th Geneval convention.
    7. UN adopted the Resolution 2334 to reaffirm the 2 state solution for Palestine.
  • Israel UAE diplomatic relations resumed.
  • Israel’s disputes - ^37b8e5
    • West Bank : captured by JOR in 1948 Arab-ISR war, recaptured in 67 during Six day war, Palestine situated West of this, UNGA has called settlements here as violation of 4th Geneva convention
    • Sinai Peninsula
      • Golan Heights
    • ![[Pasted image 20220414075814.png]]

Singapore

Section titled “Singapore”
  • Singapore #Treaty on the Law of Trademarks :
    • entered into force in 2009,
    • to mem of WIPO has 50 parties as mem
  • 4th Geneva Convention : occupying power will not transfer its civilians to occupied land - under Rome Statute it constitute war crimes.
  • Travel Bubble : restarting trade etc with countries that have shown good level of containing coronavirus pandemic by Baltic countries - Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.
  • Kenya Somalia maritime dispute under UNCLOS

South and North Korea

Section titled “South and North Korea”
  • 38th parallel separates DPRK and SKR, Korean armistice agreement 1953 not signed by SKR

Italy

Section titled “Italy”
  • Italian marines case : Permanent court of Arbitration verdict the marines enjoyed diplomatic immunity under UNCLOS

Africa

Section titled “Africa”
  • Ethiopia’s Tigray region - armed clashes prelude to Civil war.

Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan

Section titled “Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan”
  • Nagorno Karabakh clash - recog as part of AZB but home to ethnic Armenians controlled by Armenia

Afghanistan

Section titled “Afghanistan”
  • India does not recognise Taliban, supports Northern Alliance and elected Gov, wants Afghan led process. Will inc.

European Union

Section titled “European Union”
  • Green Pass is EU Digital Covid Certificate to restore freedom of travel.
  • Delegation of Members of European Parliament (MEPs) visited Kashmir Observed: 370 an internal issue, Terrorism not finished, tourism -infra should be promoted.
  • India and Belgium extradition #treaty for offences punishable in both countries, min punishment to be served 6 months, nationality defined at the time of offence.
  • IN-POR agreement to work will set up a Joint committee that would help sending IN migrant workers. Diplomatic relations were restored after Op Vijay in 1974 POR recognised Indian sovereignty over Goa, Daman and Diu, DNH.
  • World Happiness #Report by UNSDSN 2020 Finland Happiest India 144th

Miscellaneous

Section titled “Miscellaneous”

  • Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd ISPRL has constructed 3 underground stores at Vizag, Mangaluru and Padur. ISPRL is owned by Oil Industry Dev Board OIDB under Mo Petroleum and Natural Gas. 2 other planned storages are Chandikhol in Odisha and Udupi in Ktaka.

  • Trends in Global Military expenditure #report by SIPRI. IN 3rd highest

  • Social Bubble : exclusive social group that is allowed to meet with each other amid the pandemic

  • Digital Tax in IN

    • Equalisation Levy : EL1.0 was introduced in 2016 aka Google tax. It covered only services as part of Finance tax. 6% tax rate was charged on any specified service received by a resident from a non resident.
    • Significant Economic Presence SEP, No digital tax of 2% if they have permanent establishment in India.

  • Permanent Court of Arbitration : estd 1899 HQ in Hague is an intergovernmental organisation, to resolve disputes that arise out of international agreements b/w states, international orgs or private parties.

    • Decisions are binding, also has a Financial Assistance Fund. ==Not a UN agency but an official UN observer==. ![[1920px-Permanent-Court-of-Arbitration-Members.svg.png]] .

  • India Energy Modeling Forum : NITI will coordinate the forum, aims to examine imp energy and env related issues, exchange ideas etc was launched in the Meeting of Sustainable growth pillar. Jointly Launched with USAID. #body

  • Resolution 47 of the UNSC - JK states for a “free and impartial plebiscite” Both countries rejected it

  • BASIC : 28th Ministerial meet on Climate Change in Sao Paulo; estd in 2000 BRA, SA, IN, CN to ==fight climate change and carry out negotiations within the UNFCCC==. PCC Special Report on Global Warming says that impacts at 2°C-are catastrophic compared to those of 1.5°C, national efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

    • 29th BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change was held recently in Beijing. Outcomes : support developing countries, promote climate justice, encourage peoples participation etc.

  • Third party mediation in Kashmir IN refuses. Previous 3rd party mediations : Indus Water Treaty by WB, Rann of Kutch Accord by British PM Harold Wilson persuaded combatants to end hostilities and estd tribunal, 1965 War by USSR followed Tashkent declaration,

  • Special Drawing Rights SDR : value of it is based on basket of 5 currencies USD, EU, CN REN, YEN, British Pound can be exchanged for these currencies.

  • Immunity Passport : indicated if someone has immunity to COVID 19.

  • Global Terrorism Index #report 2019 by Australian Inst Institute for Economics for Peace IEPIndia 7th worst affected.

  • A Protecting Power per Vienna Convention means that in the case of severing of diplomatic ties b/w 2 countries a third country could be entrusted with the protection of its interest Eg US IR does not have an embassy on eachothers soil and Switzerland and Pak are protecting powers respectively for them.

  • Bougainville voted for Independence from Papua New Guinea in referendum. For country to be independent UN needs to recognise it per Montevideo Convention so 1933 must have defined territory, people, gov and ability to form relationships w/ other countries. #Treaty #important

Indian Diaspora

Section titled “Indian Diaspora”
  • WB #report on effect of coronavirus on migration & remittances. IN got 83 bil $ as remittance
    • IN remit. decline by 23%
  • Henley Passport Index ranks India ______------ travel freedom for their citizens data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA ) based on how many other territories can be reached ‘visa-free’ point towards the strength of diplomatic relations between countries #report
  • Global Migration #Report 2020 released by Int Org for Migration IOM, IN accounts for highest share with 17.5mil of migrants living outside the country, highest recipient of remittances and it has constantly inc. Global migrants are 272 mil top destination is US.
  • Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas celebrated on 9th Jan by MEA, MG returned on this day from South Africa

Static - Effect of Policies of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s Interests

Section titled “Static - Effect of Policies of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s Interests”

2020-10-22 07:32:00

  • #todo ⏫

Indian Diaspora

Section titled “Indian Diaspora”

2020-10-22 07:32:39

  • #todo ⏫

PYQ

Section titled “PYQ”

2020-10-30 16:40:38

In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation?2018
‘India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss2018
The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian Countries.2017
Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian Diaspora in SouthEast Asia in this context2017
Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario.2016
Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine.2015
Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in the recent years are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth.2013

Answers and Analysis

  1. “If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.” In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years. “यहद नवगत कुछ दिक एशिया के नवकास की कहानी के रहे, तो परवतथी कुछ दिक अफीका के हो सकते हैं।” इस कथिन के आलोक में , हाल के वषमों में अफीका में भारत के प्भाव का पररक्ण कीजजए। 2021
  1. ‘Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries’. Comment with examples. (‘अमेररका एवं यूरोपीय देिो की राजनी ं नत और अथि्भव्यवस्ा में भारतीय प्वाससयो को एक ं ननणा्भयक भूगमका ननभानी है। उदाहरणो सह ं हत हिप्पणी कीजजए।) 2020
  1. What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (भारत-रूस रक्ा समझौतो की तुलना में भारत-अमेर ं रका रक्ा समझौतोकी क् ं ा महत्ा है ? हहन्-प्िान् महासागरीय क्त्र में स् े ाययत्व के सं दभ्भ में नववेचना कीजजए।) 2020
  1. ‘The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.’ Comment. (‘भारत और जापान के ललए समय आ गया है की एक ऐसे मजबूत समसामययक सं बं ध का ननमा्भण करें, जजसका वैजश्क एवं रणनीनतक साझेदारी को आवेनटित करते हए एशिया एवं सम्पूण्भ नवश् के ललए बडा महत्व होगा ।’ हिपण्ी कीजजए।) 2019
  1. “The long-sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised Nations has disappeared on account of its new found role in the emerging global order”. Elaborate. (‘उभरती हई वैजश्क व्यवस्ा में, भारत द्ारा प्ाप्त नव-भूगमका कारण, उत्ीहडत एवं उपेशक्त राटिट्ो के मुख ं खया के रूप में दीघ्भ काल से सं पोनषत भारत की पहचान लुप्त हो गई है ।’ नवस्तार से समझाइये।) 2019
  1. “What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s National selfesteem and ambitions” Explain with suitable examples. (‘भारत और यूनाइिेड ्टेि्स के बीच सं बं धो में खिास के प्वेि का कारण वाशिगं िन का अपनी वैजश्क रणनीनत में अभी तक भी भारत के ललए हकसी ऐसे स्ान की खोज करने में नवफलता है, जो भारत के आत्म-समादर और महत्वाकांक्ा को सं तुटि कर सके ।’ उपयुति उदाहरणो के सा ं थि स्पटि कीजजए।) 2019
  1. In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation? (इस समय जारी अमरीका-ईरान नाशभकीय समझौता नबबाद भारत के राटि ीट् य हहतो को ं हकस प्कार प्भानवत करेगा? भारता को इस स्स्नत के प्नत क्ा रवैया अपनाना चाहहए?) 2018
  1. ‘India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss. (‘भारत के इज़राइल के साथि सं बं धो ने हाल में एक ऐसी गहराई एवं ं नवनवधता प्ाप्त कर ली है, जजसकी पुनवा्भपसी नही की जा ं सकती है।” नववेचना कीजजए।) 2018
  1. The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian Countries. (भारत की ऊजा्भ सुरक्ा का प्श्न भारत की आर्थिक प्गनत का सवा्भसधक महत्त्वपूण्भ भाग है। पजचिम एशियाई देिो के सा ं थि भारत के ऊजा्भ नीनत सहयोग का नवश्ेषण कीजजए।) 2017
  1. Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian Diaspora in SouthEast Asia in this context. (दशक्ण-पूव्भ एशियाई देिो की अ ं थि्भव्यवस्ा एवं समाज में भारतीय प्वाससयो को एक महत्त्वपू ं ण्भ भूगमका ननभानी है। इस सं दभ्भ में, दशक्ण-पूव्भ एशिया में भारतीय प्वाससयो की ं भूगमका का मूलननरूपण कीजजए।) 2017
  1. Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario. (िीतयुधिोत्र अंतरा्भटिट्ीय पररदृश्य के सं दभ्भ में, भारत की पूववोन्ुखी नीनत के आर्थिक और सामररक आयामो का मूल ं ांकन कीजजए।) 2016
  1. Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine. (अफीका में भारत की बढ़ती हई रुचच के सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक पक् हैं। समालोचनापूव्भक परीक्ण कीजजए।) 2015
  1. Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in the recent years are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth. (हाल के कु छ वषमों में भारत व जापान के मध् आर्थिक सं बं धो में ं नवकास हआ है पर अब भी वह उनकी सं भानवता से बहत कम है। उन नीनतगत दबावो (व्यवरोधो ं ) को स्प ं टि कीजजए जजनके कारण यह नवकास अवरुधि है।) 2013