Foundation of Sultanate and Early Turkish Sultans

2020-04-27 12:17:18

Aibak (1206-1210)

Iltutmish ruled from 1210-1236, defeated Yalduz, removed Quabacha as governor
Chengiz Khan during this time rose to power. He appeared on the banks on Indus looking for Jalaluddin Mangbarni.
After the death of Iltutmish the Chihalgani or 40 slaves rose in influence.
Balban ascended in 1265 he raised the prestige of crown through elaborate court ceremonials making the sultan a symbol of aweand Consolidating Turkish power through putting down rebellions and streamlining administration. Policy of Blood and Iron.

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Acute factionalism arose b/w Islamised Turks, Non-Islamised, Tajik Nobles, Slave officers aka Chihalghani
$ Barani : Chihalghani would not bow or submit to one another
RS nominated by Il instead of Ruknuddin his son
Depended on political skill to keep opposition divided
$ Minhaz : Kingdom became pacified, power widely extended
Opposition began after appointing Malik Yakut(Habshi) as Head of Stables
Governors of Lahore, Altunia, Nobles of Delhi revolted against
$ MS - highly praises RS, prudent, benevolent, benefactor of kingdom despite being a woman

RP Tripathi : chief constitutional history of family of Il lies in struggle b/w crown and peers

Bahram Shah succeeded only a figureheadstruggle b/w Naib, Wazir, and Mustafi (Auditor General)
During this time Balban rose to prominence promoted Nasiruddin Mahmud to throne.

Reached upto Beas, Chengiz loitered for 3 months 1221
! 1234 Oktai invaded Hind, Kashmir; M later captured Salt Ranges and made it their base for further attacks
! 1240 Tair Bahadur attacked Lahore, citizens resistance led to heavy losses TB died
More concerned w/ conquest of China, Iraq, Syria, Egypt

Both Military and Diplomatic, sent envoy to Halaku who returned favour
@ M had captured Lahore, frequently crossed Beas - B adopt forward policy captured Koh I Jud
Defensive arrangements in Lahore, Multan under Prince Muhammad - killed by Mongol party 1285
1288 Last attack under Tamar Khan, repulsed
1292 Abdullah invaded later withdrew w/o fight after J Khalji agreement, Tacit acceptance to Mongol possession of West Punjab.

@ Ogtai Chaghtai branch rose, 1298 Dawa Khan sent invasion force routed by A Khalji, similar victories followed.
1299 Qutlugh Khan invaded, AK played a waiting game, M won initially killing Zafar Khan.
@ AK built wall around Delhi, repaired old forts, Military contingents in Samana, Dipalpur.
Reorganised internal adm, recruited large army
1303 Targhi raid, M lacked discipline had become lax, retreated w/o fight
1305 AK defeated a large force, destroyed M image of invincibility.
$ Barani Whenever M attacked Delhi were defeated, Single Musalman put to flight hundred Mongols.
Threat revived after AK’s death, 1320 Dalucha Khan plundered Kashmir valley.
1320, 1326 Tarmashirin invaded def by G Tughlaq
MGT recruited 375000 soldiers