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Peasant Movement of 1920s and 1930s

Peasant Movement of 1920s and 1930s

Section titled “Peasant Movement of 1920s and 1930s”

2020-04-27 15:13 :04

Kisan Sabha Movement (1929)

Section titled “Kisan Sabha Movement (1929)”
  • Was against the tilling of Bedakhali land, Begar and Hari which were forms of unpaid labour.
  • Rai Bareilly, Faizabad, Sultanpur, Pratapgarh.
  • declined after gov repression and passing of Awadh Rent Amendment Act.
  • Nazarana was a type of renewal fees.
  • The initial organisation of Peasants into Kisan Sabha was taken by Home Rule leaguers. UP Kisan sabha was formed in 1918.
  • Baba Ramchandra became the rallying point for the peasants against the condition of the tenants, asked Jawaharlal Nehru to visit rural areas of UP.
  • The NCN and congress workers founded an alternative called the Oudh Kisan Sabha led by J Nehru and Baba Ramchandra
  • In Bihar it was led by Sahajanand Saraswati who founded the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936.

Eka Movement (1921)

Section titled “Eka Movement (1921)”
  • started in 1921 in districts of Hardoi, Bahraich and Sitapur of United Provinces/Awadh.
  • against high rents, opression of thikadars and share rents.
  • Leadership was provided by Madari and Pasi caste leaders.
  • died down after sever repression from gov.
  • It also had small zamindars participate in them

Telangana Movement (1944 - 1946)

Section titled “Telangana Movement (1944 - 1946)”
  • was a guerrilla movt.
  • led by the communists against the Ruling elites of Hyderabad 1946-1951, women part, Nari Bahini
  • Peasants organised themselves into village sanghams.

No Tax Movt of Bardoli or Bardoli Satyagraha 1928

Section titled “No Tax Movt of Bardoli or Bardoli Satyagraha 1928”
  • It was in many ways a child of the NCM.
  • supposed to be the place of beginning of the CDM due to which it had undergone intense politicization.
  • Kaliparaj were people form the lower rungs and Ujaliparaj from the higher ones.
  • Certain new actions were taken to develop a Kaliparaj literature, Bhajan Mandalis were formed, schools were formed for teaching the children of the Kaliparaj community.
  • took measures to curb the unjustified increase in land revenue.
  • Bardoli committee was set up to look into this by the Congress.
  • Vallabhai undertook a Satyagrah there after the moderate’s methods had failed to bring any positive change.
  • Prior to this he had organised and led the people in Kheda, Nagpur and Borsad Satyagrahs.
  • divided the people into Chhavanis under a leader and formed a volunteer corp. A publication called Patrika was set up.
  • Mobilisation was done through meetings, door to door persuasion, pamphlets, speeches etc. Special emphasis was on women mobilisation.
  • Social boycott was threatened to those who did not cooperate.
  • Later an official enquiry was done and the enhancement was found to be unjustified.
  • Kisan Sabha Movt in Bihar Swami Sahajanand Saraswati 1929 formed Bihar provincial Kisan Sabha BPKS
  • Against zamindari attacks, occupancy rights
  • Initial promote class harmony but 1933 onwards escalating landlord tenant friction
  • Socialist influence, middle poor peasant part
  • NG Ranga peasant marches + EMS Namboodripad Madras - South Indian Federation of Peasants
  • Orissa - Utkal Kisan Sangha
  • All IN Kisan Sabha 1936 Sahjanand Saraswati 1st Prez. Wanted abolition of Z, graduated IN tax on agri income, granting occupancy rights to all tenants, scaling down interest rates and debts.
  • Militant movt for restoration of Bakasht land 1938-39 Bihar - gaya dist.
  • UP Kisan Sabha under Narendra Dev, Mohan Lal Gautam against INC ministry.
  • Orissa INC pro landlord amendment -> Kisan day rally.
  • Right wing inc since 1937 Ian Copland -> they began to dream of power at federal centre.
  • Escalation of popular agitation in princely states, MG led in Rajkot.

PYQs

Section titled “PYQs”

The peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s

  1. Write a brief essay on the peasant movement in India between 1921 and 1947. [1980, 60m]
  1. Analyze the nature of peasant movements during the nationalist phase and bring out their shortcomings. [2015, 20m]
  1. Discuss the nature of peasant movements under the Kisan Sabhas during 1920-1940. [2017, 10m]