Skip to content
Civil Services Notes Civil Services Notes Civil Services Notes

CA : April 2019 onwards

CA : April 2019 onwards

Section titled “CA : April 2019 onwards”

2019-04-28 06:27 :36

Miscellaneous CA

Section titled “Miscellaneous CA”
  • Raisina Dialogue held in New Delhi : geo political event organised by ==Mo External Affairs and Observer Research Foundation== to explore prospects and opportunities for Asian integration and Asia’s integration with the larger world. #important ^9c4b73
  • India has decreased import duty on Crude Petroleum Oil CPO making it easier for its import rather than importing Refined Petroleum Oil which is produced by Malaysia
  • Social Security Agreement SSA : bilateral agreeement to protect interest of cross border workers from double coverage and ensure equality of treatment.

East Asia

Section titled “East Asia”
  • East Asia Summit EAS being held in Bangkok initiative of ASEAN areas of co-operation are Env, Energy, Finance, Global Health etc considered ==3rd pole of the world==.
    • For IN : acts as an alternative to APEC, in sync w/ Act East policy, counter CN assertiveness, can find complementary partners, can play in cultural cooperation in the region. IN will host in 2020 in Chennai

Maldives, Seychelles, Mauritius Etc

Section titled “Maldives, Seychelles, Mauritius Etc”
  • IN-MAL : air connectivity bubble for travel, direct ferry service, submarine cable, Greater Male connectivity project.
  • Mission Sagar : to help five island nations in IN ocean Maldives, Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar and Comoros with food, COVID vaccines etc.

Bhutan

Section titled “Bhutan”
  • Tax inspectors without Borders Program TIWB by Bhutan, India, OECD, UNDP to share tax audit knowledge and skills.
    • India launched TIWB program with Seychelles.

Central Asia

Section titled “Central Asia”
  • Collective Security Treaty Organisation CSTO : Intergov Security/military org estd 2002 consists of post soviet states in Eurasia. Started as Collective Security Treaty 1992/ Tashkent Treaty.
    • HQ in Moscow, Objectives to strengthen peace, international and regional security.
    • Mem are ARM, BEL, KAZ, KYR, RUS, TAJ. Aggression against 1 country is aggression against all.
  • SCO counter terrorism exercise Peaceful Mission.
  • Central Asia meet : marked 30yrs of diplomatic relations b/w IN and Central Asian countries outcome was Delhi Declaration.
    • Planned to build Central Asia Centre in New Delhi. TAPI gas pipeline project that runs from Turkmenistan.

China

Section titled “China”
  • IN - CN Overview of Issues : issued Visa to JK residents, opposed IN permanent membership in UN, block PAK blacklisting in FATF UN, CPEC, Pangong Tso clashes
  • ‘One China policy’ : diplomatic acknowledgement of China’s position that there is only one Chinese govt. Many states have formal ties with China rather than Taiwan.
  • Rezang La mountain pass on Line of Actual Control in Ladakh located b/w Chushul and Spanggur lake.
  • China building dams on Mekong river will lead to droughts into downstream SE Asian countries. Dams on Brahmaputra will not affect India much due to 35% of its basin being in India.
  • China’s expanded influence in UN Bodies
    • Dominant position in non-UN bodies, increased funding of UN bodies, focus on bodies that set international standards to aid projects live BRI
    • Need for India : more proactive role as rule-maker, set up more instis like ISA, CDRI, inc voluntary contribution, sponsor Indian nationals to influence UN policy
  • Russia, India, China - RIC aim to end subservient ==foreign policy of US== #Treaty
  • Coordinated Disengagement at Pangong Tso AgreementCN will keep troop east of Finger 8, IN at Finger 3, Any structure since April 2020 be removed, temporary moratorium on mil activities.
  • Tibetan Parliament in Exile - TPIE HQ in Dharamsala.
  • CN dams on Brahmaputra river - no bilateral treaties, help assert its claim on Arunachal P, reduce river flow, political weapon
  • Sep 2 is Tibetan Democracy day - Democratic system of Tibetan refugees was estd when 14th Dalai Lama gov in exile
  • IN CN informal summit at Mahabalipuram, 1st was at Wuhan: to celebrate 70yr of diplomatic relationship, economic and trade dialogue mechanism will be estd, TN and Fujian will be sister states
  • Naku La om Sikkim. Muguthan or Cho Lhamu is source of Teesta river
  • IN CN - Pangong Tso - salt water lake imp coz’ - close to Chusul valley, IN occupation/infra threatens Aksai Chin POK CPEC.

Sri Lanka

Section titled “Sri Lanka”
  • Indo Lanka Accord signed in 1987 sought to manage India’s strategic interests, interest of people of Indian origin and Tamil minorities in SL. IPKF was placed to resolve civil war.

Bangladesh

Section titled “Bangladesh”
  • Bashan Char island in Bangladesh where Rohingya refugees have been accomodated.
  • Teesta river dispute :
    • 2011 deal gave IN 42.5% and BAN 37.5
    • 1996 Water #Treaty share surface water at Farakka Barrage
    • important for North Bengal but WB does not endorse deal

Pakistan

Section titled “Pakistan”
  • International North South Transport Corridor INSTC to transport freight through ship, rail and road. ![[Pasted image 20211114112136.png |500x300]]
    • PAKAFUZ rail like connecting PAK, AFG and UZB will make INSTC redundant.
    • Need to reconsider Israel led Tans Arabian Corridor TAC, Indo Japanese Asia-Africa Growth Corridor AAGC, Vladivostok Chennai Maritime Corridor VCMC.
  • Gilgit-Baltistan : autonomous region status, CPEC passes through it, PAK planning to give provincial status to it
  • Sir Creek pack divides Kutch and Sindh disputed by both IN and PAK, rich in fishing resources and possible oil and gas
  • IN PAK cross LOC trade suspended, informally it continues. Estd under 4 pt proposal : free Kashmiri movt, self-governance, gradual demilitarisation, joint supervision mechanism IN+PAK+ Kashmir
  • Shimla Agreement #treaty b/w PM Indira Gandhi and Paki Prez Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on 2 July 1972 to reverse the consequences of the 1971 war, withdrawal of troops and exchange PoWs;
  • [Agreement on Prohibition of Attacks against Nuclear Installations] and Facilities between IN PAK done every yr Provide each other on data of nuclear installation and facilities.
  • Bureau of Research on Industry and Economic Fundamentals (BRIEF) released #report on trade shutdown b/w India and Pak called Unilateral Decisions, Bilateral Losses.

Nepal

Section titled “Nepal”
  • #Treaty of Sugauli made Kali river as IN-NEP boundary
  • Kalapani in Uttarakhand included in IN map contentious w/ Nepal located near Kailash mansarovar lake, IN controls varying interpretation on origin of river and its tributaries
    • ? Image

Myanmar

Section titled “Myanmar”
  • India - Myanmar relations :
    • Military coup in Feb 2021 Ang San Suu Kyi gov was removed by mil. IN has good relation w/ MYA military they helped secure NE frontier from insurgents.
    • IN has infra projects viz IN-MYATHAI highway and Kaladan transport network. Some Rohingyas have come to India too.
    • IN supports ASEANs 5 point resolution ie Immediate Cessation of Violence, dialogue among stakeholder, appt special Asean envoy for mediation, Aid and envoy visit in the country. 5 point Consensus deals with ASEAN and Myanmar
  • Karen (minority) rebels in Myanmar aimed at self determination.
  • Military Coup in MYA - IN has close relations w/ MYA military, Ang San Suu Kyi failed to push back military, IN already invested sees MYA as gateway to the East.
  • Refugee Convention 1951 : UN #treaty , defines who is a refugee, asylum rules, rights to people fleeing persecution, visa free travel, IN not a mem, war criminals not refugees, compliments Art 14 of UN Declaration of Human Rights, 1967 Protocol includes refugees from all countries.
  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICCPR : even though refugees are foreigners in country of asylum they enjoy the same rights as national viz RTE before law and equal protection of law and Non-discrimination

Static - India and Its Neighbourhood Relations

Section titled “Static - India and Its Neighbourhood Relations”

2020-10-22 07:30:46

  • Foreign Policy determined by historical, domestic factors
  • Objectives
    • Promote national interest, security, safeguard sovereignty, growth, prosperity
    • International peace and security, eliminate want of disease and illiteracy
    • Maintain friendly relations avoid all military alliances, follow non alignment, peaceful settlement of international disputes
  • Principles
    • Non Alignment,
    • Panchseel -
      • mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, peaceful coexistence
      • mutual non-aggression, non-interference in internal matters
    • Anti-imperialism, Opposition to racial discrimination,
    • Gujral Doctrine - 1996 extension of unilateral concessions to neighbours in sub-continent - IN concluded sharing of Ganga water, concessions to Pakistan tourists
    • Nuclear weapons scenario
  • IN Pakistan
    • Indus Water Treaty - Eastern river Beas, Sutlej and Ravi went to IN, Western Jhelum, Chenab and Indus to pak
    • Bagliahar Dam dispute, Kishenganga Dispute - neelam water dispute, Tulbul Project, Siachin, Sir Creek dispute - Atlantique was shot down here, Kashmir dispute, IN PAK Wars
    • Talks revolve around Allocation, Delimitation, Demarcation, Administration
    • Gujral Doctrine and Pak -
  • IN US - US aims for IN to become a net security provider and aims to solidify a lasting strategic partnership w/ IN, support its Act East polity to counterbalance CN, enhance defence coop
  • IN-Taiwan - do not have formal diplomatic ties, IN refused One CN policy
    • Potential areas of cooperation is FTA for setting up semiconductor mfg facility.
    • Indian postion is based on trade, investment, tourism, culture etc.

PYQ

Section titled “PYQ”

2020-10-30 16:39:49

’China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbor.2017
”Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).” Explain with suitable examples.2016
Project Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of the Indian Government to improve relationship with its neighbours. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss.2015
Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchanges could help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples.2015
With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.2014
The proposed withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from Afghanistan in 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard its own strategic interests.2013
What do you understand by ‘The String of Pearls’? How does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this.2013
The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India?2013
Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India?2013
In respect of India --- Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy.2013
What is meant by Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss.2013

Answers and Analysis

  1. India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.’ Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka the light of the preceding statement. (भारत रिीलंका का बरसो पुराना ं गमत्र है।’ पूव्भवतथी कथिन के आलोक में रिीलंका के वत्भमान सं कि में भारत की भूगमका की नववेचना कीजजए।) 2022
  1. “The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain. (“सं युति राज्य अमेररका, चीन के रूप में एक ऐसे अस्स्तत्व के खतरे का सामना कर रहा है जो तत्ालीन सोनवयत सं घ की तुलना में असधक चुनौतीपूण्भ है।” नववेचना कीजजए।) 2021
  1. ‘China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbor. (“चीन अपने आर्थिक सं बं धो एवं सकारात्मक ं व्यापार असधिेष को, एशिया में सं भाव्य सैननक िक्ति हैससयत को नवकससत करने के ललए, उपकरणो के रूप में इ ं स्तेमाल कर रहा है।” इस कथिन के प्काि में, उसके पडोसी के रूप में भारत पर इसके प्भाव पर चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2017
  1. “Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).” Explain with suitable examples. (“भारत में बढ़ते हए सीमापारीय आतंकी हमले और अनेक सदस्-राज्यो के आंतर ं रक मामलो में पा ं हकस्तान द्ारा बढ़ता हआ हस्तक्ेप साक्भ (दशक्ण एशियाई क्ेत्रीय सहयोग सं गठन) के भनवष्य के ललए सहायक नही हैं।” उपयु ं ति उदाहरणो के सा ं थि स्पटि कीजजए।) 2016
  1. Project Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of the Indian Government to improve relationship with its neighbors. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss. (पररयोजना ‘मौसम’ को भारत सरकार की अपने पडोससयो के सा ं थि सं बं धो को सुदृढ़ करने की एक अ ं हद्तीय नवदेि नीनत पहल माना जाता है। क्ा इस पररयोजना का एक रणनीनतक आयाम है। चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2015
  1. Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchanges could help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples. (आतंकवादी गनतनवसधयो और परस्पर अ ं नवश्ास ने भारत-पाहकस्तान सं बं धो को धू ं गमल बना हदया है। खेलो और सांस् ं ृ नतक आदान-प्दानो जैसी मृद ं ु िक्ति हकस सीमा तक दोनो दे ं िो के बीच स ं द्भाव उत्न्न करने में सहायक हो सकती है? उपयुति उदाहरणो के सा ं थि चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2015
  1. With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China. (दशक्ण चीन सागर के मामले में, समुद्री भूभागीय नववाद और बढ़ता हआ तनाव समस्त क्ेत्र में नौपररवहन की और उपरी उडान की स्तंत्रता को सुननजचित करने के ललए समुद्री सुरक्ा की आवश्यकता की अशभपुनटि करते है। इस सं दभ्भ में भारत और चीन के बीच हद्पक्ीय मुद्ो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजए।) 2014
  1. The proposed withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from Afghanistan in 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard its own strategic interests. (वष्भ 2014 में अंतरा्भटिट्ीय सुरक्ा सहायक बल (ISAF) की अफगाननस्तान से प्स्तानवत वापसी क्ेत्र के देिो के ल ं लए बडे खतरो (सुरक् ं ा उलझनो) भरा है। इस त ं थ्य के आलोक में परीक्ण कीजजए हक भारत के सामने भरपूर चुनौनतयाँ हैं तथिा उस अपने सामररक महत्त्व के हहतों की रक्ा करने की आवश्यकता है।) 2013
  1. What do you understand by ‘The String of Pearls’? How does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this. ( ‘मोनतयो के हार’ (द स्ट ं ंग ऑफ प ट् र््भ) से आप क्ा समझते हैं? यह भारत को हकस प्कार प्भानवत करता है? इसका सामना करने के ललए भारत द्ारा उठाए गए कदमो की सं ं शक्प्त रूपरेखा दीजजए।) 2013
  1. The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India? (बंगलादेि के ढाका में िाहबाग स्कायर में हए नवरोध प्दि्भनो ने समाज में रा ं टिट्वादी व इस्लामी िक्तियो के बीच मौल ं लक मतभेद उजागर हकया है। भारत के ललए इसका क्ा महत्त्व है?) 2013
  1. Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India? (मालदीव में नपछले दो वषमों में हई राजनैनतक घिनाओ की ं नववेचना कीजजए। यह बताइए हक क्ा ये भारत के ललए चचता का ं नवषय है।) 2013
  1. In respect of India—Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy. (भारत-रिीलंका संबंधो के सं द ं भ्भ में, नववेचना कीजजए हक हकस प्कार आंतररक (देिीय) कारक नवदेि नीनत को प्भानवत करते है।) 2013
  1. What is meant by Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss. (गुजरात ससधिान् से क्ा अशभप्ाय है? क्ा आज इसकी कोई प्ासं गगकता है? नववेचना कीजजए।) 2013