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The Revolutionaries

The Revolutionaries

Section titled “The Revolutionaries”

2020-04-26 19:46:52

  • Many revolutionary terrorists were let out after the end to WWI.
  • The sudden end of the NCN shattered their hopes on nationalist movt.
  • The major influences for them during this period was the upsurge of working class trade unionism, the Russian revolution, inc in communist groups.
  • Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chatterjea and Sachindranath Sanyal met in 1924 to form the HRA in Kanpur. They wanted to form a Federal Republic of United States of India.
  • Kakori robbery was undertaken by them in 1925. Many were tried and hanged.
  • The HSRA was formed in 1928
  • Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt was asked to throw bombs in the CLA against the Public Safety Bill and Trade Disputes Bill aka the 2nd Lahore Conspiracy case

Bengal

Section titled “Bengal”

2020-04-27 15:23:05

  • Anushilan Samiti was founded by Promotha Mitter in 1902   it included Jatindranath Banerjee and Barindra Kumar Ghosh.
  • In April 1906, Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta started the weekly Yogantar which advocated revoltutionary violence.
  • Aurobindo and Barindra Ghosh were tried in the Alipore conspiracy case.
  • In 1908, Barrah dacoity was organised by Dacca Anushilan under Pulin Das to raise funds for revolutionary activities.
  • Western Anushilan under Jatindranath Mukherjee or Bagha Jatin emerged as theJugantar party . 
  • He along with Rashbehari Bose aimed to bring about all India insurrection through the ‘Zimmerman Plan’ aka German Plot . 
  • He also organised the Taxicab dacoities to raise funds for it. He died in Balasore Orissa in 1915 .
  • Newspapers advocating revolutionary activity included Sandhya, Yugantar in Bengal and Kal in Maharashtra.
  • The revolutionaries worked with Congress this allowed them to gain mass support.
  • After the death of CR Das the Congress leadership divided into 2 one led by Subhash Bose who was supported by Yugantar and the other by JM Sengupta who was supported by Anushilan.
  • The Assasination of Charles Tegart in 1924 was tried but failed.
  • Severe repression, factional and personal quarrel led to stagnation.
  • Surya Sen was closely associated with the Congress. He undertook the Chittagong Armoury raid in 1930.
  • The raid fired the imagination of the revolutionary minded youth and recruits increased.
  • It saw the participation of young women under Surya Sen’s leadership. Certain imp women revolutionaries were Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Dutt, Bina Das etc.

Punjab

Section titled “Punjab”

2020-04-27 15:23:11

  • Bhagat Singh, Bhagwati Charan Vohra and Sukhdev in Punjab set out to reorganise the HRA
  • Vohra wrote the Philosophy of the bomb.
  • Bhagat Singh was a Marxist in his political beliefs.
  • #todo

Maharashtra

Section titled “Maharashtra”

2020-04-27 15:23:15

  • #todo BL Grover Page 312 ✅ 2023-01-20

![[Pasted image 20230120130345.png]]

UP

Section titled “UP”

2020-04-27 15:23:20

  • Bejoy Kumar Sinha, Shiv Varma and Jaidev Kapur in U.P. tried to reorganise HRA.

  • #todo Page 315 onwards BL Grover ✅ 2023-01-23

![[Revolutionaries in UP etc..pdf]]

Madras

Section titled “Madras”

2020-04-27 15:23:26

  • #todo

Outside India

Section titled “Outside India”

2020-04-27 15:23:30

  • The Ghadr was established in 1913 in San Francisco.
  • main leaders were Lala Hardayal, Ramachandra , Bhagwan Singh , Kartar Singh Saraba , Barkatullah and Bhai Parmanand.
  • Its main objectives were to organise assasinations, publish revolutionary literature, bring about a simulataneous revolt in British Colonies.
  • Against the Komagata Maru incident : the Ghadrites fixed February 1915 as the date for an armed revolt in Ferozepur , Lahore and Rawalpindi garrisons.
  • Rashbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal were to lead the action. 
    • Sachin Sanyal born in 1893 founded the HRA to carry out armed resistance. He also founded a branch of Anushilan Samiti in Patna 1913.
    • 1912 Delhi Conspiracy trial Sanyal and Rashbehari bose attacked Viceroy Hardinge.
    • Was close associate of Rash Behari Bose. Inspired and mentored leaders like Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh.
    • He was against Gandhiji’s gradualist approach.
    • Sentenced to life in Kakori Train robbery case and wrote book called Bandi Jeevan in 1922 during captivity.
  • Defence of India Rules was applied to curb this threat, it revolt failed.
  • The Ghadrites moved to India to stir up revolution. But lack of centralised command and an organised leadership frustrated their efforts.
  • They also underestimated the amount of preparation required to take up the revolution.
  • They also underestimated the strength of the British in India.
  • Berlin Committee for Indian Independence was established in 1915 by Virendranath Chattopadhyay, Bhupendranath Dutta , Lala Hardayal and others with the help of the German foreign office under ‘Zimmerman Plan’.
  • February 15, 1915 by Punjabi Muslim 5th Light Infantry and the 36th Sikh battalion mutinied in Singapore under Jamadar Chisti Khan , Jamadar  Abdul Gani and Subedar Daud Khan
  • Ramnath Puri started the Circular e Azadi in 1907.
  • Tarak Nath Das started the Free Hindustan in Vancouver. He along with GD Kumar set up the United India House.
  • GD Kumar Started the Swadesh Sewak Home in Vancouver later shifted to Seattle.
    • The met with the Viceroy in India. During their visit various meetings were organised in Punjab. It led to the creation of a nationalist consciousness among immigrant Indians.

Success of the Ghadrites/early Revolutionaries

Section titled “Success of the Ghadrites/early Revolutionaries”
  • Helped spread nationalism among the Indian immigrants who were mostly drawn from the lower strata of the society.
  • They set out to create a secular consciousness among the Punjabi. They were not bogged down by narrow regional identities
  • It inculcated a democratic and egalitarian outlook to the people.
  • It gave the movement an internationalist outlook. Revolutionaries from all over the world were seen as comrades. References were made to Irish, Mexican etc movements.

PYQs

Section titled “PYQs”

The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P, the Madras Presidency, Outside India

  1. Discuss the nature, methods and activities of the Terrorist Revolutionary Movement and assess its place in India’s Freedom Struggle. [1979, 60m]
  1. Examine the causes of the rise and progress of revolutionary movements in India from 1905 to 1931. [2003, 60m]
  1. Describe the changing nature of revolutionary activities in India between 1905 - 1946. [2008, 60m]
  1. “The very idea of the bomb and the secret society, and of propaganda through action and sacrifice were import from the West.” Critically examine. [2015, 10m]
  1. Trace the origin of the Ghadar movement and discuss its impact on the revolutionaries in India. [2017, 20m]