Skip to content
Civil Services Notes Civil Services Notes Civil Services Notes

NGO, SHG Etc

NGO, SHG Etc

Section titled “NGO, SHG Etc”

2019-04-28 06:26:32

Corporate Social Responsibility and rules/ issues surrounding it

Section titled “Corporate Social Responsibility and rules/ issues surrounding it”

  • Corporate Social Responsibility CSR : it is integration of socially beneficial programs and practices into orgs business model.

    • India has made it mandatory for companies to have CSR under Companies act 2014. Business can invest their profit in areas like rural dev, healthcare, sanitation etc.
    • For companies that have net worth > 500cr; Turnover more than 1000cr and net profit > 5cr.
    • CSR applicable to companies before completion of 3 years.
    • Need to spend at least 2% of their average net profit of last 3 financial years.
    • Unspent amt be kept in special account and be utilised within 3 yrs.

  • Scientific Social Responsibility(SSR) on the basis of CSR. IN 1st country in world to enact such policy draft made by DST. Encourage S&T through outreach , harness latent potential, transfer benefits, find and solve problems. Draft : individual scientists to spend 10 person days/ yr towards exchanging knowledge to society, incentives for outreach activity, central agency at DST to implement SSR.

Mid Day Meal and issues surrounding it

Section titled “Mid Day Meal and issues surrounding it”

  • National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) : Akshay patra mid-day meal OK onion garlic missing: NGO world largest such. NIN : under ICMR found 1918 Robert McCarrison Hq : Hyderabad. Functn : periodic assessment help gov, diet recomendatn, nutrient related disorder, survey find risk, research, food env related challenge, nutrient knowledge to people. #scheme

  • ![[3.1 Welfare Schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the centre and States and performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.#Mid Day Meal Aka PM Poshan Scheme]]

Foreign Contribution and Regulation #Act (FCRA) 2010.

Section titled “Foreign Contribution and Regulation #Act (FCRA) 2010.”
  • regulates foreign funding of NGOs, prohibits acceptance of funds by ==politicians journalist etc==.
  • mechanism to accept use and report amount, includes currency articles and securities etc.
  • only ==cultural economic religious and social== programs can take money.
  • Registration : 3 yrs existence spent Rs 1lkh on reasonable activities for every year, reg valid for 5 yrs, allowed for specific purposes.
  • Use of Fund : only for purpose NGO received fund for, not transferred to unregistered entity, asset purchased in name of NGO and any change in mgt of NGO must be filed on annual report.
  • Implemented by Mo Home Affairs.
  • Prior reference category under the Act -> that to donate to an NGO a foreing donor has to take prior clearance from Mo Home Affairs.

New Rules under FCRA

Section titled “New Rules under FCRA”
  • all mem of NGO must on written affidavit say ==they are not involved in swindling funds==.
  • members should not have been prosecuted/convicted for ==creating communal tension==.
  • Relaxed rules for students, farmers etc not involved in active politics.

Foreign Contribution Regulation Amendment 2020

Section titled “Foreign Contribution Regulation Amendment 2020”
  • Prohibits foreign funding to certain people viz public servants
  • Dec funding to NGOs for administrative purpose
  • Aadhar Card mandatory to recieve, summary inquiry.
  • Registered NGOs to mandatorily open an account in main branch of SBI in the capital of the place where contribution is to be landed.

Other Facts and Issues

Section titled “Other Facts and Issues”

Static - Development Process and Dev of Industry - Role of NGO, SHGs, Various Groups and Associations,

Section titled “Static - Development Process and Dev of Industry - Role of NGO, SHGs, Various Groups and Associations,”

2020-10-22 07:24:27

  • Dev Process - political freedom, Human dev, sustainable dev, economic dev, social dev
  • Civil Societies - could be NGOs, Community Groups, labour unions, indigenous people, charitable orgs, Farmers cooperatives, Chambers of Commerce etc aka 3rd sector(after Govt and Commerce) ex Amnesty, WWF, Greenpeace etc
    • Acts as Watchdog, Advocate, Agitator, Educator, Service Provider, Mobiliser
  • NGOs - org of private individuals believing in basic social principles, dev of community, social dev
    • Types - Traditional Dev NGOs, Activist NGOs, Research
    • Role in Dev
      • Work where state not willing to, where state resources are not adequate ex Kerala Shastra Sahitya Parishad
      • Fight Social Evils, Right to Shelter ex YUVA, SPARC etc
      • RTI, Tribal Rights, Community Dev, Rehab, Implement welfare schemes
    • Role to protect env
      • Research, against climate change, protect pristine forest, against whaling, against GMOs, prevent Nuclear threat, Eliminate chemical biological waste, encourage sustainable trade
      • Data driven support to Govt ex Birdlife International, TERI, Bombat Natural History Society
    • Challenges - Lack of funds, Inadequately trained personnel, misuse of funds, Inequality in rural areas, lack of volunteerism
    • State vs NGO - accountability deficit w/ NGOs, no transparency in mechanism, inadequate regulatory mech, suspicious foreign funding
    • Suggestions - liberalise grants in aids, commission to check misuse of funds, Young graduated from college should volunteer, NGO should ensure high quality of service, govt should revise pay scale for NGO personnel.
  • SHGs - peer group of similar socio economic background have same puropose
    • 5-20 people, educated people help in mobilising, facilitator, take loans to run small business
    • 7th FYP role of SHG realised, Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana SGSY emphasis on SHG formation, NRLM
    • Adv - self independence, women mobilisation, capacity building among BPL, Social Mobi, reduces maternal mortality, neonatal mortality
    • Issues - Agri activities, Lack of Tech, Access of Market, Poor Infra, lack of training/capacity building, politicization, low credit mobilisation, livelihood promotion
    • Socio Cultural Hurdles - uneven spread, less in Bihar Jhar UP, traditional society - entrepreneurship discouraged, women, lack of support from family, exploitation
    • Measures taken - SHG-Bank Linkage program by NABARD, PSL, Priyadarshani scheme NABARD, Deendatal Antodaya Yojana NRLM, Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana
    • Suggestion - integrated approach, provide credit, training, simplify loan process
  • Development Aid - Development paradox, Corruption, Identification of Projects, debt servicing,
    • Foreign aid to IN - from WB, JP, GER, ADB, UK, FR, US, EU
    • Foreign aid from IN - Why? permanent membership to UNSC, Neighbourhood 1st policy, Solve Ethnic tensions ex SL Tamils, Soft Power
  • Foreign Funding and NGOs - FCRA
  • Microfinance Insit MFIs - uplift needy, underprivileged, ex Joint Liability groups, SHGs, Grameen Banks, Rural Coops
    • Role - Women empowerment, Rural Dev, Financing unfinanced groups, more stability in family and society
    • Issues - Higher rate of interest, over dependence on banking sector, lack of financial awareness, Regulatory issues, application models not scientific
    • Suggestions - on field supervision, incentive to open in unbanked villages, transparent pricing, capital infusion, user ICT
  • Societies
    • 7+ persons for promotion of for a common purpose, under Societies Registration act 1860, Religious endowment act 1863, Charitable and Religious Act 1920, Waqf act 1995 etc
    • Issues : states power of enquiry and investigation, cancellation of registration, supersession by Gov body, appt of administrator, dissolution, deletion of defunct orgs
  • Trusts, Religious Endowments Waqfs under various public trusts act,
    • Trusts - transfer ownership of a property, So is democratic entity all mem have equal say, Govt intervention min in T
    • Religious Endowments - provide support fn to deities, religion among H and M, use property for religious purpose, Art 26
    • Waqf - Amendment 2013, non-Muslims can also make
    • Trade Unions - TU act 1926, provide legal existence protection,

2nd ARC Recom

Section titled “2nd ARC Recom”

2020-11-07 18:22:48

Regulation of Foreign Contri

Section titled “Regulation of Foreign Contri”
  • Balance b/w purpose of legislation and smooth function of voluntary sector
  • Be time limit for procedures seeking prior permission
  • Facilitate speedy disposal of registration, effective monitoring of their activities, proper scrutiny of returns filed by them

Issues of SHG

Section titled “Issues of SHG”
  • Role of Gov be of facilitator and promoter
  • Thrust in backward areas, SHG movt needs be extended to urban and peri-urban areas
  • NABARD Act be amended suitably to bring semi urban/ urban areas into it
  • Re-establish RRBs in districts which do not have
  • Training capacity building of Gov functionaries
  • Rural credit not be seen as potential NPAs
  • Tech may be leveraged to reduce cost of reaching out poorest of poor
  • Corpus of Rashtriya Mahila Kosh be enhanced

PYQ : NGO,SHG Etc

Section titled “PYQ : NGO,SHG Etc”

2020-10-30 16:35:53

Answers and Analysis

  1. Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process ? Justify your answer.(क्ा आप इस मत से सहमत हैं हक नवकास हेतु दाता अशभकरणो पर बढ़ती न ं नभ्भरता नवकास प्हरिया में सामुदाययक भागीदारी के महत्व को घिाती है ? अपने उत्र के औचचत्य को ससधि कीजजए । ) 2022
  1. Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty and malnutrition be broken through micro financing of women SHGs? Explain with examples. (क्ा लैंगगक असमानता, गरीबी और कु पोषण के दषु चरि को महहलाओं को स्यं सहायता समूहो को सू ं क्ष्म नवत् (माइरिोफाइनेन्स) प्दान करके तोडा जा सकता है ? सोदाहरण स्पटि कीजजए।) 2021
  1. Can Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model. (क्ा नागररक समाज और गैर-सरकारी संगठन, आम नागररक को लाभ प्दान करने के ललए लोक सेवा प्दायगी का वैकल्पिक प्नतमान प्स्तुत कर सकते हैं ? इस वैकल्पिक प्नतमान की चुनौनतयां की नववेचना कीजजए।) 2021
  1. “Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India.” Explain how the business associations contribute to public policies. (“भारत में साव्भजननक नननत बनाने में दबाव समूह महत्वपूण्भ भूगमका ननभाते हैं।” समझाइए की व्यवसाय संघ, साव्भजननक नीनतयो में ं हकस प्कार योगदान करते हैं।) 2021
  1. “Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance”. In this context suggest reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy. (“आर्थिक प्दि्भन के ललए संस्ागत गुणवत्ा एक ननणा्भयक चालक है” । इस सं दभ्भ में लोकतंत्र को सुदृढ़ करने के ललए ससनवल सेवा में सुधारो के सुझाव दीज ं जए।) 2020
  1. What are the methods used by the Farmers organizations to influence the policymakers in India and how effective are these methods? (भारत में नननत ननमा्भताओ को ं प्भानवत करने के ललए हकसान संगठनो द् ं ारा क्ा- क्ा तरीके अपनाए जाते हैं और वे तरीके हकतने प्भावी हैं?) 2019
  1. Initially Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality and effectiveness, which seems to be lacking in the present context. Do you agree with the view that drastic reforms are required in Civil Services. Comment. (प्ारंशभक तौर पर भारत में लोक सेवाएँ तिस्ता और प्भाविीलता के लक्ो को प् ं ाप्त करने के ललए अशभकल्पित की गई थिी, ज ं जनका वत्भमान सं दभ्भ में अभाव हदखाई देता है। क्ा आप इस मत से सहमत हैं हक लोक सेवाओं में कडे सुधारो की आवश्यकता है? ं हिप्पणी कीजजए।) 2017
  1. ‘The emergence of Self Help Groups(SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the state from developmental activities’. Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to promote the SHGs. (“वत्भमान समय में स्यं-सहायता समूहो का उद्भव राज्य के ं नवकासात्मक गनतनवसधयो से धीरे परंतु न ं नरंतर पीछे हिने का सं के त है।” नवकासात्मक गनतनवसधयो में ं स्यं-सहायता समूहो की भू ं गमका का एवं भारत सरकार द्ारा स्यं-सहायता समूहो को प् ं ोत्ाहहत करने के ललए हकए गए उपायो का परी ं क्ण कीजजए।) 2017
  1. How do pressure groups influence Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years? (भारतीय राजनीनतक प्रिम को दबाव समूह हकस प्कार प्भानवत करते हैं? क्ा आप इस मत से सहमत हैं हक हाल के वषमों में अनौपचाररक दबाव समूह, औपचाररक दबाव समूहो की तुलना में ं ज्यादा िक्तििाली रूप में उभरे हैं?) 2017
  1. Examine critically the recent changes in the rules governing foreign funding of NGOs under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 1976. (नवदेिी अशभदाय (नवननयमन) असधननयम (एफ.सी.आर.ए.), 1976 के अधीन गैर-सरकारी सं गठनो के ं नवदेिी नवत्ीयन के ननयंत्रक ननयमो में हाल के पर ं रवत्भनो का समालोचनात्मक परी ं क्ण कीजजए।) 2015
  1. The Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP), which is India’s own innovation, has proved to be one of the most effective poverty alleviation and women empowerment programmes. Elucidate.(आत्मननभ्भर समूह (एस-एच-जी-) बैंक अनुबं धन काय्भरिम (एस-बी-एल-पी-), जो हक भारत का स्यं का नवाचार है, ननध्भनता न्ूनीकरण और महहला सिक्तिकरण काय्भरिमो में एक स ं वा्भसधक प्भावी काय्भरिम सानबत हआ है। सनवस्तार स्पटि कीजजए।) 2015
  1. How can the role of NGOs be strengthened in India for development works relating to protection of the environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints. (पया्भवरण की सुरक्ा से सं बं सधत नवकास कायमों के ललए भारत में गैर-सरकारी सं गठनो की भू ं गमका को हकस प्कार मजबूत बनाया जा सकता है? मुख् बाध्ताओ पर ं प्काि डालते हए चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2015
  1. The penetration of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in rural areas in promoting participation in development programmes is facing socio-cultural hurdles. Examine. (ग्रामीण क्ेत्रें में नवकास काय्भरिमो में ं भागीदारी का प्ोन्ननत करने में स्ावलंबन समूहो के ं प्वेि को सामाजजक-सांस्ृ नतक बाधाओ का सामना करना प ं ड रहा है। परीक्ण कीजजए।) 2014
  1. The legitimacy and accountability of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their patrons, the microfinance outfits, need systematic assessment and scrutiny for the sustained success of the concept. Discuss. (स्यं सहायता समूहो की वैधता एव जवाबदेही और उनके सं र ं क्क, सूक्ष्म-नवत् पोषक इकाइयो का, इस अवधारणा की सतत ं सफलता के ललए योजनाबधि आकलन व संवीक्ण आवश्यक है। नववेचना कीजजए।) 2013
  1. Pressure group politics is sometimes seen as the informal face of politics. With regards to the above, assess the structure and functioning of pressure groups in India. (प्भावक-समूह राजनीनत को कभी- कभी राजनीनत का अनौपचाररक मुखपृष्ठ माना जाता है। उपयु्भति के संबंध में, भारत में प्भावक-समूहो की संरचना व का ं य्भप्णाली का आकलन कीजजए।) 2013
  1. “In the Indian governance system, the role of non-state actors has been only marginal.” Critically examine this statement. (“भारतीय िासकीय तंत्र में, गैर-राजकीय कता्भओ की भू ं गमका सीगमत ही रही है ।” इस कथिन का समालोचनात्मक परीक्ण कीजजए।) 2016
  1. Has the Cadre based Civil Services Organisation been the cause of slow change in India? Critically examine. (क्ा संवग्भ आधाररत ससनवल सेवा संगठन भारत में धीमे पररवत्भन का कारण रहा है? समालोचनापूव्भक परीक्ण कीजजए।) 2014
  1. “Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have hampered the process of socio-economic development in India.” Comment. (“पारम्पररक असधकारीतंत्रीय सं रचना और सं स्ृ नत ने भारत में सामाजजक-आर्थिक नवकास की प्हरिया में बाधा डाली है।” हिप्पणी कीजजए।) 2016