CA : April 2019 - Jan 2020

2019-04-28 06:24 :07

Cabinet Secretary Tenure

Cabinet Secy : fixed tenure 2yr can extend not above 4yr total, new amendment All IN service(death cum retirement benefit) rule 1958 further 4yr+3months. PK Sinha longest serving bureaucrat. Cabinet Secy - ex officio chairman ==civil services board==, assist decision making - inter ministerial coordination

Parliamentary Privileges

Parliamentary Privileges Art 105 and Art 194 for SLA : certain rights and immunities enjoyed by MoP individually and collectively to effectively discharge their duties. Extends to all members who are entitled to speak and take part in proceedings. Does not extend to Prez.
- Privilege Motion is passed when parliamentary privileges have been infringed an can be passed by any member of the house.
Art 105 explicitly mentions 2 privileges Freedom of Speech and Right of publication of its proceedings.
- Code of Civil Procedure provides freedom from arrest and detention before and after 40 days of the commencement of house.
- Extends to Attorney General and all those who are entitled to speak or take part.
- Parliamentary privileges do not extend to the President who is also an integral part of parliament. Art 361 provides for it.

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Code of Conduct for MPs and MLAs

Code of Conduct for MPs and MLAs : common code for legislative bodies. Recom : Prohibit MPs from misusing the power and immunities, avoid conflict between a private and a public interest ensure a minimum of 110 days of sitting for legislature having more than 100 members else 90-50 days. should direct political parties to withdraw such candidates, Stronger actions such as derecognizing political parties

Election Manifestos

Election manifestos are not legally enforceable documents. ECI added election manifestos to ==Model Code of Conduct in 2013==. Guidelines : not contain anything repugnant/against constitution, avoid promises that would unduly influence masses, not be released 48 hours before the end of poll.

Issues wrt Legislative Council

Legislative Council abolished in J&K created and abolished by Art 169, Art 171 mentions strength less than 1/3rd of LA members but more/equal to 40.

Functioning in Parliament

15 Point Reform Charter for Better Functioning of Parliament: parties need to present 50% of their legislators, review anti defection law, review whip system, set up special courts, address prob of legislators w/ criminal background, consensus on proposal of simultaneous elections, steps for effective functioning of Parliamentary committees.
Reforms needed for RS : mem directly elected, equal representation for each state to avoid domination by larger states, deadlines set for responding to bills
Rule 373, 374 and 378 of Rules for the conduct of business allows Speaker to maintain quorum in assemblies.

Pre Poll and post poll alliance

If no party stakes claim to form gov an order of preference was set by Sarkaria commission. Pre-poll alliance -> invite single largest party -> invite post poll alliance as a coalition -> post poll alliance w/ coalition and outside support. Floor test is required for confidence vote its date is decided by Gov.

Presidents Rule

During Prez rule there is no Council of Ministers, Vidhan Sabha is prorogued or dissolved. Gov is head requires sanctions by both houses cannot exceed 3 yrs renewed every 6 monts. Revocation does not required Parliament approval.

Issues wrt to Gram Sabha

Haryana allows Gram Sabhas to ban liquor within a Panchayat area. GS is primary body of PRI it is a permanent body, power to annul its decision w/ GS only.
Art 164 says the Gov shall administer the Oath of office and of secrecy as proposed in the 3rd Schedule, the text of oath is sacrosanct if Gov gives approval to a diff oath the matter is closed.

Privileges to member of Parliament

Art 105 allows certain privileges to mem of Parliament if they are breached a privilege motion is passed, Speaker/ Chair decides the privilege motion - a committee is nominated by him of 15 mem which presents its report in RS deputy chair heads the committee
President addresses both the houses of the parliament in 1st session after each general elections. It was originally to be every session but was amended by the 1st Amendment.
Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh has been declared as a living entity by the Punjab HC.

Finance Commission

15th Finance Commission criteria for determining state share - #committee
- 45% for the income distance.
- 15% for the population in 2011
- 15% for the area
- 10% for forest and ecology
- 12.5% for demographic performance, and
- 2.5% for tax effort
Delhi HC provide gadgets and internet access to students from EWS and Disadvantaged group to address discrimination, fin barrier
Parliamentary Panel report on Covid 19 mgt :
- Bring comprehensive public health act, curb black marketing, hold awareness campaigns, separate wing in NDMA to deal w/, avoid social stigma
Mo Cooperation for cooperative societies will provide for administrative, legal and policy framework for strengthening coops.
Whips cannot direct MP/MLAs in certain cases such as Presidential elections.
When state wants to amend a central law made under conurrent list it needs clearance of the centre.

Budget Procedure

Budget procedure is laid down in Articles 112, 117 of constitution. Rules 204, 221 and 331 E of Rules of procedure and Conduct of Business in LS and Direction 19-B of Direction of speaker also govern it.
Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act 2022 replaces Prisoners Identification Act 1920.
- Expands scope of measurements to be collected for ID of person ex Retina scans, biological samples
- Data could be retained upto 75 years, resistance would be an offence under IPC. Central Gov could also make rules.

Static - Parliament, SLA etc and Comparison of Constitutions

2020-10-30 14:15:19

Parliamentary Committee ¹

Financial Committees

Public Accounts Comm

estd 1919, 22 = 15+7, elected 4 yr term.
no minister can be mem, examines audit of CAG,
submits 3 reports to Prez, examines appropriation acct and Finance acct, acc of state corporation, trading concerns, semi-autonomous bodies

Estimates Comm

30m all from LS, 1 yr term, all parties have mem, no minister as mem, Chair appt by Speaker, examine estimates in Budget, suggest economies, report improv in org, efficiency, adm reform, suggest alternative policies, examines only certain ministries, lacks expert assistance of CAG

Public Undertaking

22 15 7, 1yr term, examines reports accounts of public undertaking, report of CAG on PU, affairs of PU being managed acc w/ sound business principles, Not examines major gov policy, max examines 10-12 PU

Departmental Standing Comm

secure more accountability of exec, 31 = 21+10, minister not eligible, consider demand for grants, examine bills related to concerned ministries, annual reports, long term policy docs.
- Ex Commerce, Home Affairs, HRD, Industry, S&T, Transport Tourism, Health Family, Agri, IT, Defence etc
- Merits - no party bias, flexible, parliamentary control over exec, efficiency in public expenditure, oppor for MPs to participate, expert opinion

Comms to Inquire

Co Petition - matters of gen public importance
Co Privileges - semi judicial, cases of breach
Co Ethics - enforced code of conduct

Comm to Scruitinise and Control

Co Govt Assurances - examines promises of ministers
Co Subordinate Legislationwhether power to make regulations, rules etc are being exercise properly
Co Papers laid on table, Co Welfare of SC STs
Co Empowerment of Women, Joint Comm on Offices of Profit

Comm Relating to Day to Day Business of House

Business Advisory Comm - regulates time table
Co Private Mem Bills resolution - only LS, classifies bills, allocated time for discussion on bills etc
Rules Comm - considers matters of procedure and conduct
Co Absence of Mem - cases for mem absent for 60 days

House Keeping Comm

General Purposes Comm - matter that do not fall in other comm, Speaker is Chair
House Com - residential accomodation
Library Comm, Joint Comm on Salaries and Allowances

Consultative Comm

attached to ministries, informal discussion, dissolved after LS ends,

Parliamentary Forums ²

Water Conservation, Youth, Children, Pop and Public Health, Global Warming, Dis Mgt, Artisans, MDGs.
To have informal interaction, sensitise mem about key concerns, prepare a data base, max 31 mem,

Parliamentary Group ³

Indian Parliamentary Group IPG, promote personal contact, study question of public importance, arrange lectures
Function - link b/w parliaments, address mem of Parliament, seminars on parliamentary subjects

IPU

Adv : Conferences and seminars, publication, information, introduction, parliamentary facilities, travel facilities

Corresponding Chapters in Laxmikanth

Chapter 22 : [[22 - Parliament.pdf]]
Chapter 23 : [[23 - Parliamentary Committees.pdf]]
Chapter 24 : [[24 - Parliamentary Forums.pdf]]
Chapter 25 : [[25 - Parliamentary Group.pdf]]
Chapter 33 : [[33 - State Legislature.pdf]]

Comparison of Constitutions

! Scattered in Laxmikanth.

PYQ Parliament, SLA Etc

2020-10-30 14:04:01

Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws. (लोक प्नतननसधत्व असधननयम, 1951 के अन्ग्भत संसद अथिवा राज्य नवधाययका के सदस्ो के चुनाव से उभरे ं नववादो के न ं नण्भय की प्हरिया का नववेचन कीजजए। हकन आधारों पर हकसी ननवा्भचचत घोनषत प्त्यािी के ननवा्भचन को िून् घोनषत हकया जा सकता है ? इस ननण्भय के नवरुधि पीहडत पक् को कौन-सा उपचार उपलधि है ? वाद नवसधयो का स ं न्भ्भ दीजजए। ) - 2022

Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. (आदि्भ आचार-सं हहता के उद्भव के आलोक में, भारत के ननवा्भचन आयोग की भूगमका का नववेचन कीजजए।) 2022

Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations. (उन संवैधाननक प्ावधानो को समझाइए ज ं जनके अंतग्भत नवधान-पररषदें स्ानपत होती हैं। उपयुति उदाहरणो के सा ं थि नवद्ान-पररषदो के का ं य्भ और वत्भमान स्स्नत का मूलांकन कीजजए।) - 2021

Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples. (क्ा नवभागो से संबं ं सधत संसदीय स्ायी सगमनतयाँ प्िासन को अपने उँगललयो पर रखती हैं और संसदीय न ं नयंत्रण के ललए सम्ान-प्दि्भन हेतु प्रे रत करती हैं ? उपयुति उदाहरणो के सा ं थि ऐसी सगमनतयो के का ं यमों का मूलांकन कीजजए।) - 2021

‘Once a Speaker, Always a Speaker’! Do you think this practice should be adopted to impart objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implications for the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India? (‘एकदा स्पीकर, सदैव स्पीकर’! क्ा आपके नवचार अध्क् पद की ननष्पक्ता के ललए इस काय्भप्णाली को स्ीकारना चाहहए? भारत में संसदीय प्योजन की सुदृढ़ काय्भिैली के ललए इसके क्ा पररणाम हो सकते हैं?) - 2020

“There is a need for simplification of procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of Peoples Act”. Comment. (“लोक प्नतननसधत्व असधननयम के अंतग्भत भटि आचरण के दोषी व्यक्तिओ को आयोग ठहराने की ं प्हरिया के सरलीकरण की आवश्यकता है” । हिप्पणी कीजजए।) - 2020

Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a ‘useless stepney tyre’ to the most useful supporting organ in past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as the areas in which this transformation could be visible. (‘नवगत कु छ दिको में राज्य सभा एक ‘उपयोगहीन ं ्टैपनी िायर’ से सवा्भसधक उपयोगी सहायक अंग में रूपांतररत हआ है। उन कारको त ं थिा क्ेत्रो को आलो ं हकत कीजजये जहाँ यह रूपांतरण दृनटिगत हो सकता है।) 2020

Individual Parliamentarian’s role as the national lawmaker is on a decline, which in turn, has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss. (राटिट्ीय नवसध ननमा्भता के रूप में अके ले एक सं सद-सदस् की भूगमका अवननत की और है, जजसके फलस्रूप वादनववादो की गुणता और उनके पर ं रणामो पर ं प्नतकू ल प्भाव पड भी चूका है । चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2019

On what grounds a people’s representative can be disqualified under the Representation of People Act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such person against his disqualification. (हकन आधारो पर ं हकसी लोक प्नतननसध को, लोक प्नतननसधत्व असधननयम, 1951 के अधीन ननरर्हत हकया जा सकता है ? उन उपचारो का भी उल् ं ेख कीजजए जो ऐसे ननरर्हत व्यक्ति को अपनी ननरर्हता के नवरुधि उपलधि हैं।) 2019

Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role or the Estimates Committee. (आप यह क्ो सोचते हैं ं हक सगमचत्यो सं सदीय का ं यमों के ललए उपयोगी मानी जाती हैं? इस सं दभ्भ में प्ाकलन सगमनत की भूगमका की नववेचना कीजजए।) 2018

In the light of recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India to ensure the trustworthiness of elections in India? (इलेट्ॉट् ननक वोहिंग मिीनो (ई ं ० वी० एम०) के इस्तेमाल संबंधी हाल के नबबाद के आलोक में, भारत में चुनावो की ं नवश्ास्ता सुननजचित करने के ललए भारत के ननवा्भचन आयोग के समक् क्ा-क्ा चुनौनतयाँ है?) 2018

‘Simultaneous election to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will limit the amount of time and money spent in electioneering but it will reduce the government’s accountability to the people’ Discuss. (“लोकसभा और राज्य नवधानसभाओ के एक ही समय में चुनाव, चुनाव- ं प्चार की अवसध और व्यय को तो सीगमत कर देंगे, परंतु ऐसा करने से लोगो के ं प्नत सरकार की जवाबदेही कम हो जाएगी।” चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2017

To enhance the quality of democracy in India the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful? (भारत में लोकतंत्र की गुणता को बढ़ाने के ललए भारत के चुनाव आयोग ने 2016 में चुनावी सुधारो का ं प्स्ताव हदया है। सुझाए गए सुधार क्ा हैं और लोकतंत्र को सफल बनाने में वे हकस सीमा तक महत्त्वपूण्भ हैं?) 2017

The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding joint session of the two houses of the Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reasons thereof. (भारतीय सं नवधान में संसद के दोनो सदनो ं का संयु ं ति सत्र बुलाने का प्ावधान है। उन अवसरों को गगनाइए जब सामान्तः यह होता है तथिा उन अवसरो को भी जब यह नही ं ं हकया जा सकता, और इसके कारण भी बताइए।) 2017

The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transition which looks to be full of contradictions and paradoxes.” Discuss. (“भारतीय राजनीनतक पािथी प्णाली पररवत्भन के ऐसे दौर से गुज़र रही है, जो अन्र्वरोधों और नवरोधाभासो से भरा ं प्तीत होता है ।” चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2016

The ‘Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members’ as envisaged in Article 105 of the Constitution leave room for a large number of un-codified and un-enumerated privileges to continue. Assess the reasons for the absence of legal codification of the ‘parliamentary privileges’. How can this problem be addressed? (संसद और उसके सदस्ो की ं िक्तियां, नविेषासधकार और उन्ुक्तियाँ, जैसे हक वे सं नवधान की धारा 105 में पररकल्पित हैं, अनेको असं ह ं हताबधि और अ-पररगशणत नविषासधकारो के जारी रहने का स् ं ान खाली छोड देती हैं। संसदीय नविेषासधकारो के ं नवसधक सं हहताकरण की अनुपस्स्नत के कारणो का आकलन कीज ं जए। इस समस्ा का क्ा समाधान ननकाला जा सकता है? 2014

The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the anti-defection law, which was legislated but with a different intention? (कु छ वषमों से सांसदो की व्यक्तिगत भू ं गमका में कमी आई है जजसके फलस्रूप नीनतगत मामलो में ं स्स् रचनात्मक बहस प्ायः देखने को नहीं गमलती। दल पररवत्भन नवरोधी कानून, जो शभन्न उद्ेश्य से बनाया गया थिा, को कहाँ तक इसके ललए उत्रदायी माना जा सकता है?) 2013

23 - Parliamentary Committees ↩
24 - Parliamentary Forums ↩
25 - Parliamentary Group ↩

CA : April 2019 - Jan 2020

CA : April 2019 - Jan 2020

Cabinet Secretary Tenure

Parliamentary Privileges

Code of Conduct for MPs and MLAs

Election Manifestos

Issues wrt Legislative Council

Functioning in Parliament

Pre Poll and post poll alliance

Presidents Rule

Issues wrt to Gram Sabha

Privileges to member of Parliament

Finance Commission

Budget Procedure

Static - Parliament, SLA etc and Comparison of Constitutions

Parliamentary Committee 1

Financial Committees

Public Accounts Comm

Estimates Comm

Public Undertaking

Departmental Standing Comm

Comms to Inquire

Comm to Scruitinise and Control

Comm Relating to Day to Day Business of House

House Keeping Comm

Consultative Comm

Parliamentary Forums 2

Parliamentary Group 3

IPU

PYQ Parliament, SLA Etc

Footnotes

Parliamentary Committee ¹

Parliamentary Forums ²

Parliamentary Group ³