Disaster and Disaster Management

Disaster and Disaster Management

2020-10-22 08:03:59

• Disaster and Disaster Management
  • Definitions
  • NDMA #Act 2005
    • NDMA
      • At State Level
      • District
      • Fin Arrangement-
    • Drawbacks
  • Other Policies Wrt DRR
    • National Policy on DM 2009
    • ND Mgt Plan 2016
      • Drawbacks
    • Sendai Framework 4 Priorities
    • Dis Preparedness and Response
    • D Risk Governance - Sendai Framework
    • Recovery and Build Back Better BBB
      • 3 Recovery Stages
      • Reconstruction - Rehabilitation both Physical and Psychological
        • Social Rehab
        • Economic Rehabilitation -
        • Psychological Rehab
  • Capacity Dev through
  • Hyogo Framework
  • Sendai Framework for DRR
    • 7 Goals

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Definitions

• Disaster : - Natural or man-made, D Damage - quantifiable, D Impact -ve or +ve, D = hazard+ Vulnerability + Insufficient Capacity
• Hazard : - dangerous threat, may cause loss of life, property ex earthquake, floods, volcanoes etc. D is an event, necessarily causes widespread damage
• Vulnerability - S, E, Physical, Env
• Risk - measure of expected loss = Hazard * Vulnerability
• Capacity - strengths, resources, attributes etc, coping capacity
• D mgt cycle - Pre , During, After Disaster

NDMA #Act 2005

• Framework at National level - D mgt division under MHA,
• national exec committee at secy level,
• Cabinet Comm on Security,
• National Crisis Mgt Comm NCMC,
• National Platform for DRR NPDRR - Chair is Home Min for participatory process review progress policy advise

NDMA

• apex body, policies plans guidelines created,
• NDRF : created under this, force, pre-positioned, proactive availability, 12 battalions,
• NIDM - HRD, capacity building, training, R&D, tech support,
• other emergencies handled by NCMC
• NDMA advisory comm - 15 mem

At State Level

• SDMA - CM ex officio Chair, policies plans, approves state DM plan, recom provisions for funds
• State Executive Comm - head Chief Secy, monitor

District

• Dist D Mgt Authority DDMA - DM head, plans,
• Local Authorities,

Fin Arrangement-

• NDRF for response, relief, rehab
• SDRF - immediate relief,
• ND Mitigation Fund - not set up
• 14th FC recom - 10% of SDRF used in local context, C should ensure assured source of funding

Drawbacks

• slow implementation,
• marginalised NGOs, etc
• top down approach,
• projects incomplete,
• vacant posts,
• NEC meets infrequently,
• no mitigation fund in Districts,

Other Policies Wrt DRR

National Policy on DM 2009

• safe disaster resilient,
• cohesiveness of stakeholder,
• integrated approach,
• promote cultural change,
• mitigation,
• DM in planning process etc

ND Mgt Plan 2016

• aligned w/ Sendai DRRF,
• understand risk,
• inter agency coop,
• invest in DRR, capacity dev,
• horizontal vertical integration,
• ministry specific roles, regional app,
• identifies major activities,
• ethical guidelines for media.

Drawbacks

• no clear practical roadmap,
• too generic, no time frame,
• how funds shall be mobilised,
• no monitoring evaluation framework.

Sendai Framework 4 Priorities

• Understand disaster risk,
  • strengthen D risk governance to manage risk through interagency coordination;
  • invest in resilience;
  • Capacity Dev by enhancing D preparedness for effective response to Build Back Better in recovery, rehab, reconstruction

Dis Preparedness and Response

• immediately after,
• National Early warning system for avalanches, Cyclones, Earthquakes, Droughts etc,
• Nat Emergency Operation Centre NEOC is comm and coordination hub, respective ministries responsible.

D Risk Governance - Sendai Framework

• Mainstream & integrate risk, adopt and implement strategies plans, assessment, ensure compliance, periodic review, assign clear roles, Estd and stregthen gov coordination, work w/ parliamentarians, promote dev,

Recovery and Build Back Better BBB

• Post disaster restoration, owner driven construction

3 Recovery Stages

• Early (3-18 months) : cash for work, resumption of markets, commerce, trade, restoration of social service etc
• Mid Term (upto 5 yrs) : Reconstruction plan for housing, infra, public buildings etc
• Long Term (within 10 yrs) : implemented along w/ dev plans
• Major steps : post disaster needs assessment, dev a vision, ensure coherence w/ BBB plans, balancing recovery across sectors, prioritise sectors

Reconstruction - Rehabilitation both Physical and Psychological

• During rehab secondary displacement be avoided, gain consent of affected comm, clearly define land acquisition process, take into consideration urban/local land use planning, provide customised relocation packages

Social Rehab

• of vulnerable groups, revival of educational activity; Rehab of elderly, Women, Children

Economic Rehabilitation -

• ensure continuity of trade, livelihood restoration

Psychological Rehab

• counselling, stress management, psycho therapeutic program, occupational therapy, debriefing, tradition, values, norms, beliefs etc

Capacity Dev through

• NIDM - w/ DM cells in Administrative training institutes, Police Academies, State Inst
• NDRF Academy at Nagpur - course for Training of Trainers, Master Training
• Capacity dev of local bodies - elected leaders and officials of panchayats org operations like search and rescue
• Training communities - awareness, sensitisation, orientation, dev skills

Hyogo Framework

• 5 priority actions are Ensure DRR; ID assess monitor; Use Knowledge, innovation and education; reduce underlying risk; Strengthen Disaster preparedness
• Goal 1 - effective integration, prevention, mitigation, preparedness, vulnerability reduction - DM act, do no harm policy
• Goal 2 - Dev strengthening of institutions, mechanism - strengthen SDMAs DDMAs, comprehensive HRD plan, partnership w/ civil society
• Goal 3 - incorporation of risk reduction approaches into design implementation of emergency preparedness - Build Back Better

Sendai Framework for DRR

• 15 yr voluntary non-binding, recognises that state has primary role

![[#Sendai Framework 4 Priorities]]

7 Goals

• reduce global disaster mortality;
• reduce affected people globally;
• reduce direct disaster damage;
• substantially reduce disaster damage;
• substantially inc no of countries w/ facilities;
• enhance international coop;
• inc availability of access to multi hazard early warning system

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[[kegy107.pdf]] - Natural Hazards and Disasters

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